ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Longitudinal Analyses of the Reciprocity of Depression and Anxiety after Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Clinical Implications.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Bridging mental health, cognition and the brain in mild traumatic brain injury: A multilayer network analysis of the TRACK-TBI study.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Comorbid depression is associated with non-routine discharge following treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2025Article
- Psychiatric outcomes after mild concussion by treatment timing and age.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Observational
- The role of isolated diffuse axonal brain injury on post-traumatic depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in rats.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Profiles of executive functioning following traumatic brain injury and stroke using the assessment of participation and executive functions: combined cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Neuropsychological Assessment in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Recommendations.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Bifactor analysis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Internal Validity of the Quality of Life after Brain Injury: Response Shift and Responsiveness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Self-Perception of Cognitive-Communication Functions After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Article
- Impact of Sociodemographic, Premorbid, and Injury-Related Factors on Patient-Reported Outcome Trajectories after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Management of Psychological Complications Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Long-term health-related quality of life after trauma with and without traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sensitivity of outcome instruments in a priori selected patient groups after traumatic brain injury: Results from the CENTER-TBI study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Adolescent traumatic brain injury leads to incremental neural impairment in middle-aged mice: role of persistent oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding their prevalence and interplay within the first year after TBI with differing severities may improve patients' outcomes after TBI. Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of TBI recruited for the large European collaborative longitudinal study CENTER-TBI were screened for patient-reported major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) at three, six, and twelve months post-injury (N = 1683). Data were analyzed using autoregressive cross-lagged models. Sociodemographic, premorbid and injury-related factors were examined as risk factors. 14.1-15.5% of TBI patients reported moderate to severe MD at three to twelve months after TBI, 7.9-9.5% reported GAD. Depression and anxiety after TBI presented high within-domain persistency and cross-domain concurrent associations. MD at three months post-TBI had a significant impact on GAD at six months post-TBI, while both acted bidirectionally at six to twelve months post-TBI. Being more severely disabled, having experienced major extracranial injuries, an intensive care unit stay, and being female were risk factors for more severe MD and GAD. Major trauma and the level of consciousness after TBI were additionally associated with more severe MD, whereas being younger was related to more severe GAD. Individuals after TBI should be screened and treated for MD and GAD early on, as both psychiatric disturbances are highly persistent and bi-directional in their impact. More severely disabled patients are particularly vulnerable, and thus warrant timely screening and intensive follow-up treatment.
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