ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
What Is behind Changes in Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability? A Large-Scale Analysis of Longitudinal Measurements Acquired in Free-Living.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wearable-Derived Heart Rate Variability Across the Menstrual Cycle, Hormonal Contraceptive Use, and Reproductive Life Stages in Females: A Living Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- The Micro-Mobility Sensing Gap: A Systematic Review of Physiological Safety Monitoring from Cycling to E-Scooters.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Hypnotic safety suggestions reduce cortisol awakening response and morning heart rate in daily life.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Recovery of Linear and Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Metrics After Short-Term Moderate versus Vigorous Intensity Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Randomized Cross-Over Study.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Cardiac and vascular autonomic control in patients with hereditary angioedema.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Trial
- Guidelines for rigor and reproducibility of heart rate variability within human cardiovascular research.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring, Autonomic Dysfunction and Post-exertional Malaise in Long COVID: An Observational Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Predicting Next Day Heart Rate Variability Based on Training Load in Cyclists Using Machine Learning.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Decoding menstrual health across the lifespan: a scoping review of digital health tools in research.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- An exploratory study of maximal heart rate determination in endurance athletes: laboratory testing vs. field based.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Sleep-timing irregularity moderates the within-participant association between training load and next-morning heart rate variability in university sport participants: a 28-day study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
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- Taking heart rate variability to the next level in sports: towards a multi-signal integration.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Decoding menstrual health across the lifespan: a scoping review of digital health tools in research.npj women's health · 2026Article
- Heart rate variability-guided endurance training: evaluating strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for load prescription and adjustment.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- An Explainable Machine Learning Approach to Explain the Effects of Training and Match Load on Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Semi-Professional Basketball Players.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing Minority Stress and Physiological Response Through Ecological Momentary Assessment and Sensors: Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability of the Stress and Heart Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- An infection prediction model developed from inpatient data can predict out-of-hospital COVID-19 infections from wearable data when controlled for dataset shift.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Equity in training load: research design considerations for intervention assessment in sports science and physical therapy.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Review
- Heart rate variability in female soccer players, before, during, and after a COVID-19 positive test.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) with respect to individual characteristics and acute stressors. In particular, the relationship between heart rate, HRV, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level was analyzed cross-sectionally in a large sample of 28,175 individuals. Additionally, the change in heart rate and HRV in response to common acute stressors such as training of different intensities, alcohol intake, the menstrual cycle, and sickness was analyzed longitudinally. Acute stressors were analyzed over a period of 5 years for a total of 9 million measurements (320±374 measurements per person). HRV at the population level reduced with age (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.