ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Through-Hole Spiral Microstrip Resonator for Inline Dielectric Characterization of Liquids.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diplexer based microwave sensor for noninvasive detection of sucrose and sorbitol in pharmaceutical syrups.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High-Sensitivity Differential Sensor for Characterizing Complex Permittivity of Liquids Based on LC Resonators.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Study on Sensing Urine Concentrations in Water Using a Microwave Sensor Based on Hilbert Structure.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Microfluidic sweat patch based on capillary force and evaporation pump for real-time continuous sweat analysis.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Article
- Double-negative metamaterial square enclosed Q.S.S.R For microwave sensing application in S-band with high sensitivity and Q-factor.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemented on an affordable substrate FR-4 Epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. A Teflon beaker is mounted on the sensor without affecting the measurements. Numerically, liquid mixtures of water and urine at different percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to evaluate the frequency variation. The percentage of water content in the mixture varied from 0% (100% urine) to 100% (0% urine) with a step of 3.226%, thus giving 32 data groups of the simulated results. Experimentally, the mixtures of: 0% urine (100% water), 20% urine (80% water), 33% urine (66% water), 50% urine (50% water), 66% urine (33% water), and 100% urine (0% water) were considered for validation. The complex permittivity of the considered samples was evaluated using a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB in order to realize a sensing sensitivity of about 3%.
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