ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2022
Risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia by sex and race/ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Amyloid-beta-targeting monoclonal antibodies for people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for primary care.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Guideline
- A systematic review/meta-analysis of prevalence and incidence rates illustrates systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian-American in ADRD research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Risk, protective, and biomarkers of dementia in Indigenous peoples: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Sex differences in dementia pathology and cognitive performance in a population-based, ethnically diverse Brazilian autopsy study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Delirium and Increased Risk of Developing Dementia: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Neurology · 2026Article
- Generalizability of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in a multicultural cohort of older adults: The effect of adjustment for kidney function.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and ATN blood biomarkers in Hispanic/Latino populations: SOL-INCA study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Amyloid Pathology by Race, Ancestry, and Apolipoprotein E ε4 in an Admixed Autopsy Sample.JAMA neurology · 2026Article
- The association between midlife neighbourhood walkability and Alzheimer's disease in women: a prospective nested case-control study.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the impact of air pollution on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Environment international · 2026Article
- Cognitive screening biases in a secondary prevention Alzheimer's disease clinical trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association Between Structural and Social Determinants of Health and Cognitive Functioning Among African Americans: the ARCHES Cohort.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Three maxims for countering sex essentialism in scientific research.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Dietary patterns and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias across 5 racial and ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Cell Therapy Is a New Treatment Option to Prevent Neurodegenerative Changes and Restore Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer's Disease (Review).Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Review
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Predictors of Bi-directional Transitions From Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Diverse Cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionData are limited for comparison of sex- and race/ethnicity-specific risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD).
methodsIn the population-based Multiethnic Cohort, we estimated the age-standardized diagnostic incidence rate (ASDIR) and relative risk of late-onset ADRD (n = 16,410) among 105,796 participants based on Medicare claims (1999-2014) by sex and race/ethnicity.
resultsThe ASDIR for ADRD was higher for women (17.0 per 1000 person-years) than for men (15.3) and varied across African Americans (22.9 in women, 21.5 in men), Native Hawaiians (19.3, 19.4), Latinos (16.8, 14.7), Whites (16.4, 15.5), Japanese Americans (14.8, 13.8), and Filipinos (12.5, 9.7). Similar risk patterns were observed for AD. Adjustment for education and cardiometabolic diseases attenuated the differences. Accounting for deaths from competing causes increased the sex difference, while reducing the racial/ethnic differences. Less racial/ethnic disparity was detected among apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 carriers. DISCUSSION: More research is needed to understand the sex and racial/ethnic differences in ADRD.
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