ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Library-based analysis reveals segment and length dependent characteristics of defective influenza genomes.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of genomic characteristics for antiviral influenza defective interfering particle prioritization.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal analysis of influenza A virus deletion-containing viral genomes reveals key determinants of co-evolutionary dynamics and interference.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Classification, functions, evolution, and applications of defective viral genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Longitudinal analysis of influenza A virus deletion-containing viral genomes reveals key determinants of co-evolutionary dynamics and interference.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- CRISPR with Transcriptional Readout reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and can precipitate an interferon response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A two-step mechanism for RIG-I activation by influenza virus mvRNAs.Science advances · 2025Article
- CRISPR with Transcriptional Readout reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and can precipitate an interferon response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Analysis of NS2-dependent effects on influenza PB1 segment extends replication requirements beyond the canonical promoter.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Quantification of influenza virus mini viral RNAs using Cas13.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Quantification of influenza virus mini viral RNA dynamics using Cas13.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cryptic proteins translated from deletion-containing viral genomes dramatically expand the influenza virus proteome.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Cryptic proteins translated from deletion-containing viral genomes dramatically expand the influenza virus proteome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- An amplicon-based nanopore sequencing workflow for rapid tracking of avian influenza outbreaks, France, 2020-2022.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Influenza A genomic diversity during human infections underscores the strength of genetic drift and the existence of tight transmission bottlenecks.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Generation of "OP7 chimera" defective interfering influenza A particle preparations free of infectious virus that show antiviral efficacy in mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Found in a diverse set of viral populations, defective interfering particles are parasitic variants that are unable to replicate on their own yet rise to relatively high frequencies. Their presence is associated with a loss of population fitness, both through the depletion of key cellular resources and the stimulation of innate immunity. For influenza A virus, these particles contain large internal deletions in the genomic segments which encode components of the heterotrimeric polymerase. Using a library-based approach, we comprehensively profile the growth and replication of defective influenza species, demonstrating that they possess an advantage during genome replication, and that exclusion during population expansion reshapes population composition in a manner consistent with their final, observed, distribution in natural populations. We find that an innate immune response is not linked to the size of a deletion; however, replication of defective segments can enhance their immunostimulatory properties. Overall, our results address several key questions in defective influenza A virus biology, and the methods we have developed to answer those questions may be broadly applied to other defective viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.