ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Lateral flow devices for samples collected by straw sampling method for postmortem canine rabies diagnosis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- High sensitivity of the Bionote Anigen Rapid Rabies Antigen Test in detection of diverse rabies virus variants suggests utility for global rabies control.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Strengthening animal rabies surveillance through a public-private One Health collaboration: Insights from a field veterinarian workshop in Assam, India.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Experiences of piloting integrated bite case management in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2026Article
- LFD implementation uncovers hidden rabies burden: Pre- and post-implementation analysis and comparison with non-implementation sites in the Philippines.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of lateral flow devices for rabies diagnosis in decomposed animal brain samples.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Evaluating Rabies Test Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human and Canine Diagnostic Methods.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating the Impact That Diagnostic Screening with Lateral Flow Devices Had on the Rabies Surveillance Program in Zanzibar, Tanzania.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Evaluation of lateral flow devices for postmortem rabies diagnosis in animals in the Philippines: a multicenter study.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Molecular Analysis of Rabies Virus Using RNA Extracted from Used Lateral Flow Devices.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a real-time mobile PCR device (PCR 1100) for the detection of the rabies gene in field samples.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- United Against Rabies Forum: The first 2 years.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) using brain sample after opening the skull is the standard rabies diagnostic test in animal rabies. However, it is not feasible in many resource-limited settings. Lateral flow devices (LFD) combined with a simple sampling methodology is quicker, simpler, and less hazardous than the standard test and can be a useful tool. We conducted a prospective on-site study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the LFD with the straw sampling method compared with that of the dFAT with the skull opening procedure for post-mortem canine rabies diagnosis. We collected 97 rabies-suspected animals between December 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Among the 97 samples, 53 and 50 cases were positive tests for dFAT and LFD, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LFD with straw sampling method were 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.3-98.8%) and 100% (95% CI, 92.0-100%), respectively. The performance of LFD by the straw sampling method showed relatively high sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with that of dFAT performed on samples collected after opening the skull. This methodology can be beneficial and is a strong tool to overcome limited animal surveillance in remote areas. However, because of our limited sample size, more data using fresh samples on-site and the optimizations are urgently needed for the further implementation in endemic areas.
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