Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34881720›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021

Tracking Private WhatsApp Discourse About COVID-19 in Singapore: Longitudinal Infodemiology Study.

Edina Yq Tan, Russell Re Wee, Young Ern Saw, Kylie Jq Heng, Joseph We Chin, Eddie Mw Tong, Jean Cj Liu

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04367363 completednot on this map

Tracking WhatsApp Behaviors During a Crisis: A Longitudinal Observation of Messaging Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

TypeobservationalSponsorJean LiuRan2020 to 2020Enrolled151ConditionsCoronavirus, Depression, Anxiety, StressArmsSocial media & news consumption
NCT07209904 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Study on Understanding the Overall Effectiveness of Mindline.sg on Improving Mental Health Literacy, Quality of Life and Economic Outcomes

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre for Evidence and Implementation Singapore LtdRan2025 to 2026Enrolled242ConditionsHealthyArmsmindline.sg
NCT07246083 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Study on Let's Talk

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre for Evidence and Implementation Singapore LtdRan2025 to 2026Enrolled104ConditionsMental Health Help-SeekingArmslet's talk forum
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Bayesian clustering of multiple zero-inflated outcomes.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Edina Yq TanDivision of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-6678-6355
Russell Re WeeDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-6997-5696
Young Ern SawDivision of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-8256-2039
Kylie Jq HengDivision of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-8558-6757
Joseph We ChinDivision of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-0271-6956
Eddie Mw TongDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-8724-650X
Jean Cj LiuDivision of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0137-3450
Yale-NUS College · SGNational University of Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWorldwide, social media traffic increased following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the spread of COVID-19 content has been described for several social media platforms (eg, Twitter and Facebook), little is known about how such content is spread via private messaging platforms, such as WhatsApp (WhatsApp LLC).

objectiveIn this study, we documented (1) how WhatsApp is used to transmit COVID-19 content, (2) the characteristics of WhatsApp users based on their usage patterns, and (3) how usage patterns link to COVID-19 concerns.

methodsWe used the experience sampling method to track day-to-day WhatsApp usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. For 1 week, participants reported each day the extent to which they had received, forwarded, or discussed COVID-19 content. The final data set comprised 924 data points, which were collected from 151 participants.

resultsDuring the weeklong monitoring process, most participants (143/151, 94.7%) reported at least 1 COVID-19-related use of WhatsApp. When a taxonomy was generated based on usage patterns, around 1 in 10 participants (21/151, 13.9%) were found to have received and shared a high volume of forwarded COVID-19 content, akin to super-spreaders identified on other social media platforms. Finally, those who engaged with more COVID-19 content in their personal chats were more likely to report having COVID-19-related thoughts throughout the day.

conclusionsOur findings provide a rare window into discourse on private messaging platforms. Such data can be used to inform risk communication strategies during the pandemic.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04367363; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04367363.

Indexed as

COVID-19Social MediaHumansInfodemiologyPandemicsSARS-CoV-2SingaporeappcharacteristiccommunicationCOVID-19infodemiologylongitudinalmisinformationpatternriskSingaporesocial mediasurveillancetrackingusagewell-beingWhatsApp

Identifiers

PMID34881720
PMCPMC8709420
OpenAlexW3216832662

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.