ArticleERJ open research2021
Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood: a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study.
Article in ERJ open research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children.The European respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- The role of CC16 in the associations of preterm birth with lung function and asthma in adult life.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Early Onset Asthma, But Not Aeroallergen Sensitization, Is Associated With Lung Function Impairment in Young Adulthood-A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Body mass index trajectories from birth to early adulthood and lung function development.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Obstructive and restrictive spirometry from school age to adulthood: three birth cohort studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Lung function in young adulthood in relation to moderate-to-late preterm birth.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Reply to GuoAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Evolution of Lung Function within Individuals: Clinical Insights and Data-driven Methods.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Early Origins of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prenatal and Early Life Risk Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Long-term expiratory airflow of infants born moderate-late preterm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Lung function in young adulthood: differences between males and females with asthma.ERJ open research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
53 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.
methodsWe studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (≤10, >10-15, >15-20, >20-25 years, and overall, 5-25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
resultsThe prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2-10.9% and 1.8-7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.55, 95% CI 2.14-3.04), preterm birth (aOR=1.84, 1.27-2.66), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.35) and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.66) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive, phenotype across ages (5-25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive phenotype (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06 and aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.85, per kg·m
conclusionObstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.