ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Exposure of Microglia to Interleukin-4 Represses NF-κB-Dependent Transcription of Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Cytokines.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cytoprotective and Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome and Its Effect on Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures in Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Characterisation of the expression of P2X7 receptor, cancer stem cell markers and immunological mediators in human high-grade gliomas.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Glycolytic Shift and an IRG1/Itaconate/NF2L2 Axis Regulating Neurotoxic Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Microglia.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Broccoli for the brain: a review of the neuroprotective mechanisms of sulforaphane.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- Common cytokine receptor gamma chain family cytokines activate MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT pathways in microglia to influence Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Chronic social defeat alters brain vascular-associated cell gene expression patterns leading to vascular dysfunction and immune system activation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The human P2X7 receptor alters microglial morphology and cytokine secretion following immunomodulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- The Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cell Activation and the Cytokine Expression Profile in a Glioma Resection Site during the Post-Surgical Period in Mice.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of Ten-Eleven Translocation Proteins in Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 is a cytokine that affects both adaptive and innate immune responses. In the central nervous system, microglia express IL-4 receptors and it has been described that IL-4-exposed microglia acquire anti-inflammatory properties. We here demonstrate that IL-4 exposure induces changes in the cell surface protein expression profile of primary rhesus macaque microglia and enhances their potential to induce proliferation of T cells with a regulatory signature. Moreover, we show that Toll like receptor (TLR)-induced cytokine production is broadly impaired in IL-4-exposed microglia at the transcriptional level. IL-4 type 2 receptor-mediated signaling is shown to be crucial for the inhibition of microglial innate immune responses. TLR-induced nuclear translocalization of NF-κB appeared intact, and we found no evidence for epigenetic modulation of target genes. By contrast, nuclear extracts from IL-4-exposed microglia contained significantly less NF-κB capable of binding to its DNA consensus site. Further identification of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the inhibition of TLR-induced responses in IL-4-exposed microglia may aid the design of strategies that aim to modulate innate immune responses in the brain, for example in gliomas.
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