ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of recombinant human GM-CSF compared to placebo for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the GM-CSF histidine triad as a modulator of structure, molecular motion, and ligand binding.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Targeting the PPAR-γ-ABC transporter axis ameliorates secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by indium oxide nanoparticles.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- GM-CSF orchestrates monocyte and granulocyte responses to Cryptococcus gattii.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A bioluminescent inhibition immunoassay for detecting GM-CSF inhibitory activity in serum.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- ConcurrentCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Effects of repeated 14-day oral toxicity of fermentedOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- mGem: When immunity turns against itself-GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk.mBio · 2025Review
- GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes duringInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Autoimmunity against cytokines: Double strike in autoimmune disease, a historical perspectiveBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Review
- Nocardia masquerading as pulmonary malignancy in a patient with adult-onset immunodeficiency onRadiology case reports · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Outlook on Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Disseminated nocardiosis and anti-GM-CSF antibodies.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- The ouroboros of autoimmunity.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Autoantibodies targeting interferons and GM-CSF are associated with adverse outcome risk, comorbidities, and pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoantibodies to multiple cytokines have been identified and some, including antibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been associated with increased susceptibility to infection. High levels of GM-CSF autoantibodies that neutralize signaling cause autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), an ultrarare autoimmune disease characterized by accumulation of excess surfactant in the alveoli, leading to pulmonary insufficiency. Defective GM-CSF signaling leads to functional deficits in multiple cell types, including macrophages and neutrophils, with impaired phagocytosis and host immune responses against pulmonary and systemic infections. In this article, we review the role of GM-CSF in aPAP pathogenesis and pulmonary homeostasis along with the increased incidence of infections (particularly opportunistic infections). Therefore, recombinant human GM-CSF products may have potential for treatment of aPAP and possibly other infectious and pulmonary diseases due to its pleotropic immunomodulatory actions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.