ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2021
UPLC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Bioactive Anti-Depression Compounds in Betel Nut.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of Arecae Semen compounds for patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Betel nut sucking is the earliest recorded evidence for the habitual use of a neuroactive plant drug.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multi-Targeted Neuroprotection byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Changes of Phenolic Profiles, Bioaccessibility, and Antioxidant Performance ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Betel-quid Use Is Associated with Depression.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Haplotype-resolved genome reveals haplotypic variation and the biosynthesis of medicinal ingredients in Areca catechu L.Molecular horticulture · 2025Article
- Oleanolic Acid Cubic Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle-Based Thermosensitive Gel Attenuates Depression Symptoms in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis, pathogenesis and therapy in AS co-depression disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Integrated Analysis of Ginsenoside Content and Biomarker Changes in Processed Ginseng: Implications for Anti-Cancer Mechanisms.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Controversial Roles of Areca Nut: Medicine or Toxin?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Interactions of Betel Quid Constituents with Drug Disposition Pathways: An Overview.Current drug metabolism · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBetel nuts have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In our study, the bioactive components of betel nut were systematically investigated, and the main components and their target genes in the treatment of depression were predicted.
methodsThe metabolites of the kernels and peels were analyzed with a UPLC-MS/MS system. Mass spectrometry outcomes were annotated by MULTIAQUANT. "Compound-disease targets" were utilized to construct a pharmacology network.
resultsA total of 873 metabolites were identified, with a high abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. Moreover, the abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols in the kernel was significantly higher than that in the peel. A high abundance of catechin, arginine, and phenylalanine was detected in the kernel, while a high abundance of arginine, arecoline, and aminobutyric acid was detected in the peel. Catechins and cyanoside were the most abundant flavonoids in the kernel and peel, respectively. Arecoline was the most abundant alkaloid. A total of 111 metabolites showed a significant difference between the kernels and peels. The relative abundance of 40 differential metabolites was higher than 100,000, including 14 primary metabolites, 12 flavonoids, 4 phenols, and 4 alkaloids. Among the 40 high abundance metabolites, 20 were higher in the kernel and 20 in the peel. In addition, the enrichment of metabolic pathways found that the kernel and peel of the fruit adopted different metabolic pathways for the synthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids. Network pharmacology prediction showed that 93 metabolites could target 141 depression-related genes. The main components of betel nut intervention in depression were predicted to include L-phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, okanin, nicotinic acid, L-tyrosine, benzocaine, syringic acid, benzocaine, phloretic acid, cynaroside, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
conclusionBetel nuts are rich in natural metabolites, and some of these metabolites can participate in the intervention of depression. In addition, the metabolites showed distinct characteristics between the kernel and peel. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively and rationally use betel nuts.
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