ArticleScientific reports2021
Response triggering by an acoustic stimulus increases with stimulus intensity and is best predicted by startle reflex activation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- What Is the StartReact Effect?Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Breathing-driven modulation of reticulospinal tract activity.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Motor planning, initiation and execution of shoulder abduction against gravity: Evidence from startReact.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mapping reticulospinal drive across various muscles of the upper and lower extremities.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Effects of asymmetrical postural demands on sternocleidomastoid reflex in the startReact paradigm.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- An intense electrical stimulus can elicit a StartReact effect but with decreased incidence and later onset of the startle reflex.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- The benefit of knowledge: postural response modulation by foreknowledge of equilibrium perturbation in an upper limb task.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Startle-triggered responses indicate reticulospinal drive is larger for voluntary shoulder versus finger movements.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Investigating motor preparation in synchronous hand and foot movements under reactive vs. predictive control.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Altered frontoparietal activity in acoustic startle priming tasks during reticulospinal tract facilitation: An fNIRS study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Slowed reaction times in cognitive fatigue are not attributable to declines in motor preparation.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In a simple reaction time task, the presentation of a startling acoustic stimulus has been shown to trigger the prepared response at short latency, known as the StartReact effect. However, it is unclear under what conditions it can be assumed that the loud stimulus results in response triggering. The purpose of the present study was to examine how auditory stimulus intensity and preparation level affect the probability of involuntary response triggering and the incidence of activation in the startle reflex indicator of sternocleidomastoid (SCM). In two reaction time experiments, participants were presented with an irrelevant auditory stimulus of varying intensities at various time points prior to the visual go-signal. Responses were independently categorized as responding to either the auditory or visual stimulus and those with or without SCM activation (i.e., SCM+/-). Both the incidence of response triggering and proportion of SCM+ trials increased with stimulus intensity and presentation closer to the go-signal. Data also showed that participants reacted to the auditory stimulus at a much higher rate on trials where the auditory stimulus elicited SCM activity versus those that did not, and a logistic regression analysis confirmed that SCM activation is a reliable predictor of response triggering for all conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.