ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in first- and multi-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: impact of clinical and demographical variables.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating changes in the blood-brain barrier in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: design and methodology of a longitudinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Linking peripheral low-grade inflammation and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier leakage in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - A retrospective analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Alteration pattern of serum albumin levels in schizophrenia from first episode through remission to relapse: a longitudinal study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Relationship between blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory factors in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Restoring brain barriers: an innovative approach for treating neurological disorders.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- The relationship between blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neurocognitive impairments in first-episode psychosis: findings from a retrospective chart analysis.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- The Importance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigation in First-episode Psychosis.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that immunological and inflammatory alterations contribute at least in a subgroup to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this retrospective chart review, we investigated whether clinical factors contribute to altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Clinical data from electronic medical records of patients with psychotic disorders (ICD-10: F20-F29) who received routine CSF diagnostics at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Germany, were included. Chi² tests for dichotomous outcomes and independent t tests for continuous outcomes were used to compare differences between groups. A total of 331 patients were included in the analyses (43.2% female and 56.8% male). The mean age was 37.67 years (±15.58). The mean duration of illness was 71.96 months (±102.59). In all, 40% (128/320) were first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 60% (192/320) were multi-episode psychosis (MEP) patients. Elevated CSF protein levels were found in 19.8% and elevated CSF/serum albumin ratios (Q
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