ArticleNeurology2022
Association Between Time Spent Outdoors and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D did not reduce multiple sclerosis disease activity after a clinically isolated syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Reducing Early-Life Smoke Exposure as a Preventive Strategy for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the PEDIGREE Study.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Disrupted Vitamin D Signaling and Metabolism in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders.ASN neuro · 2026Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A narrative review of genetic and environmental factors and risk for multiple sclerosis. The design of the Italian multicentric PEDIGREE study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Association Between Sun Exposure and Risk of Relapse in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2023Article
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Melatonin and vitamin D, two sides of the same coin, better to land on its edge to improve multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Review
- Review
- Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Demographic Patterns of MS Patients Using BRISA: An MS-Specific App in Germany.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Prince SebastianFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0002-6828-0243
Nicolas CherbuinFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0001-6481-0748
Lisa F BarcellosFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0002-0303-3479
Shelly RoalstadFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Charles CasperFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Janace HartFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Gregory S AaenFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Lauren KruppFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0001-7003-807X
Leslie BensonFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0002-1680-4834
Mark GormanFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Meghan CandeeFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Tanuja ChitnisFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Manu GoyalFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Benjamin GreenbergFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Soe MarFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Moses RodriguezFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Jennifer RubinFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0001-5594-3389
Teri SchreinerFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Amy WaldmanFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0002-1054-0815
Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0001-6732-151X
Jennifer GravesFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
Emmanuelle WaubantFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego. emmanuelle.waubant@ucsf.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5188-0157
Robyn LucasFrom the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.ORCID 0000-0003-2736-3541
US Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Australian National University · AU
Funding
Utah Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR002538 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HESS, RACHEL, MAJERSIK, JENNIFER JUHL · 2018 to 2022
$26.0MEnvironmental and genetic risk factors for pediatric MSR01NS071463 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WAUBANT, EMMANUELLE LAURENCE · 2010 to 2015
$2.8MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS071463
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThis study aims to determine the contributions of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsChildren with MS and controls recruited from multiple centers in the United States were matched on sex and age. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association of time spent outdoors daily in summer, use of sun protection, and ambient summer UVR dose in the year before birth and the year before diagnosis with MS risk, with adjustment for sex, age, race, birth season, child's skin color, mother's education, tobacco smoke exposure, being overweight, and Epstein-Barr virus infection.
resultsThree hundred thirty-two children with MS (median disease duration 7.3 months) and 534 controls were included after matching on sex and age. In a fully adjusted model, compared to spending <30 minutes outdoors daily during the most recent summer, greater time spent outdoors was associated with a marked reduction in the odds of developing MS, with evidence of dose-response (30 minutes-1 hour: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.99, DISCUSSION: If this is a causal association, spending more time in the sun during summer may be strongly protective against developing pediatric MS, as well as residing in a sunnier location.
Indexed as
Epstein-Barr Virus InfectionsMultiple SclerosisChildHerpesvirus 4, HumanHumansRisk FactorsSunlightUltraviolet RaysUnited States
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
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