ArticleBMJ open2021
Use of interrupted time-series analysis to characterise antibiotic prescription fills across pregnancy: a Norwegian nationwide cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of systemic antibacterial use during pregnancy worldwide: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Exposure to Systemic Antimicrobials During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage: A Population-Based Registry Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Doxycycline safety during pregnancy: a large population-based cohort of pregnancies.Infection · 2025Article
- Factors associated with antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Effect of maternal exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy on the neonatal intestinal microbiome and health.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- First Trimester Tetracycline Exposure and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden: A nationwide utilization study covering 2007-2019.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAntibiotics are the most frequently prescribed medications for pregnant and breastfeeding women. We applied interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) to describe antibiotic prescription fills patterns in pregnant women and examined recurrent antibiotic fills in subsequent pregnancies. DESIGNS: A population-based drug utilisation study.
settingNorwegian primary care.
participants653 058 pregnancies derived from Medical Birth Registry of Norway linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2006-2016).
main outcome measureProportion of pregnancies exposed to antibiotics aggregated by week in pregnancy time windows. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: We descriptively analysed antibiotic prescription fills patterns and components in pregnant women. The changes in antibiotic fills in pregnancy time windows were assessed using ITSA. Interruptions points at week 4 to week 7 into pregnancy and delivery were used. Factors associated with antibiotic fills during pregnancy were identified using generalised estimating equations for Poisson regression. Recurrent antibiotic use was estimated using proportion of women who filled antibiotic prescription in a subsequent pregnancy.
resultsAntibiotics were filled in 27.6% pregnancies. The ITSA detected an immediate decrease of 0.07 percentage points (95% CI -0.13 to -0.01) in the proportion of exposed pregnancies at 4 weeks after conception, mainly among women taking folic acid before pregnancy. This proportion increased shortly after delivery (immediate change=1.61 percentage points (95% CI 0.31 to 2.91)) then decreased gradually afterwards (change in slope=-0.19 percentage points, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.05)). The strongest factor associated with antibiotic fills during pregnancy was having recurrent urinary tract infections (adjusted OR=2.65, 95% CI 2.59 to 2.72). Women who had filled antibiotics during a pregnancy were up to three times more likely to fill antibiotics in the subsequent pregnancies.
conclusionsITSA highlighted important impact of pregnancy and delivery on antibiotic fillings. Having antibiotic fills in a pregnancy was associated with recurrent antibiotic fills in subsequent ones.
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