ReviewThe Korean journal of internal medicine2022
Metformin and its therapeutic applications in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease.
Review in The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of metformin as an adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- ANGPTL2 inhibits macrophage pyroptosis and alleviates rheumatoid arthritis progression by regulating mitophagy via IGFBP5.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Shifts in immunometabolism in autoimmune diseases.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and the path to precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the therapeutic applications of metformin in articular cartilage repair: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metformin use and the risk of incident immune-mediated diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Disclosing the impact of metformin and methotrexate in adjuvant arthritis in female rats: molecular docking and biochemical insights on visfatin.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Metformin use and risk of total joint replacement in patients with diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study of Alberta's Tomorrow Project.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors in autoimmune diseases: emerging therapeutic potential and clinical challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune cell senescence in autoimmunity: implications for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization in osteomyelitis and other orthopedic disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Restoring immune tolerance in pre-RA: immunometabolic dialogue between gut microbiota and regulatory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Metformin as a disease-modifying therapy in osteoarthritis: bridging metabolism and joint health.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring microRNA pathways and metformin's anti-inflammatory potential in osteoarthritis.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Metformin in Managing Rheumatic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- Metformin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Investigating Cardiovascular Impact and Nephroprotective Effects in Lupus Nephritis.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and ZnBiometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. Apart from its glucose-lowering effect, metformin is attracting interest regarding possible therapeutic benefits in various other conditions. As metformin regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, growth, and autophagy, it may also modulate immune cell functions. Given that metformin acts on multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and that AMPK and its downstream intracellular signaling control the activation and differentiation of T and B cells and inflammatory responses, metformin may exert immunomodulatory and anti- inflammatory effects. The efficacy of metformin has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which metformin exerts its therapeutic effects in these diseases, focusing particularly on rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.