Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34878225›Full record

SynthesisJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2022

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin levels and the associated cardiorenal benefits in T2DM patients: A meta-analysis.

Qi Tian, Keyu Guo, Jiayi Deng, Yanjun Zhong, Lin Yang

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07175051 (Targeting the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell-Related Kidney Disease Using the SGLT2 Inhibitors, Empagliflozin), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07175051 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Targeting the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell-Related Kidney Disease Using the SGLT2 Inhibitors, Empagliflozin

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoRan2026 to 2030Enrolled20ConditionsSickle Cell Anemia (HbSS, or HbSβ-thalassemia0), AlbuminuriaArmsEmpagliflozin (oral)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. HLM Staging and Treatment Benefit of SGLT2i Across Heart Failure Severity.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Podocytopathies.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Qi TianNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3149-6024
Keyu GuoNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Jiayi DengICU Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yanjun ZhongICU Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2588-6517
Lin YangNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8959-1139
Central South University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To explore the effect and magnitude of effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on haematocrit and haemoglobin and the related cardiorenal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible trials. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Seventy-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels compared with control (total WMD 2.27% [95% CI 2.08, 2.47] and 6.20 g/L [95% CI 5.68, 6.73], respectively). Except for dapagliflozin (p = 0.000), no notable dose-dependent relationship was revealed for other SGLT2 inhibitors. The effect could be sustained or even slightly increased with long-term therapy (coef. =0.009, 95% CI [0.005, 0.013], p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, haematocrit elevation increased with higher body mass index (BMI). A greater haematocrit elevation could be observed in white patients or when compared with active controls. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors increased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels in T2DM patients. Changes in haematocrit and haemoglobin seem to be surrogate markers of improvement in renal metabolic stress, and important mediators involved in cardiorenal protection.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHematocritHumansHypoglycemic AgentsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorscardiorenal protectionhaematocrithaemoglobinmeta-analysisSGLT2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID34878225
PMCPMC8814934
OpenAlexW4200588606

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.