Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34877501›Full record

ArticleiScience2021

Retinoic acid signaling drives differentiation toward the absorptive lineage in colorectal cancer.

Roelof A Wester, Lisa van Voorthuijsen, Hannah K Neikes, Jelmer J Dijkstra, Lieke A Lamers, Siebren Frölich, Maarten van der Sande, Colin Logie, Rik G H Lindeboom, Michiel Vermeulen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Diet-induced chromatin states influence intestinal stem cell memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  7. Nuclei sense complex tissue shape and direct intestinal stem cell fate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The beginning of GPX2 and 30 years later.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022
    Review
  18. Drug-Resistant Stem Cells: Novel Approach for Colon Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Roelof A WesterDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Lisa van VoorthuijsenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Hannah K NeikesDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Jelmer J DijkstraDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Lieke A LamersDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Siebren FrölichDepartment of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Maarten van der SandeDepartment of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Colin LogieDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Rik G H LindeboomDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Michiel VermeulenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Radboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important and conserved pathway that regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, perturbed RA signaling is implicated in cancer initiation and progression. However, the mechanisms by which RA signaling contributes to homeostasis, malignant transformation, and disease progression in the intestine remain incompletely understood. Here, we report, in agreement with previous findings, that activation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor and the Retinoid X Receptor results in enhanced transcription of enterocyte-specific genes in mouse small intestinal organoids. Conversely, inhibition of this pathway results in reduced expression of genes associated with the absorptive lineage. Strikingly, this latter effect is conserved in a human organoid model for colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We further show that RXR motif accessibility depends on progression state of CRC organoids. Finally, we show that reduced RXR target gene expression correlates with worse CRC prognosis, implying RA signaling as a putative therapeutic target in CRC.

Indexed as

Biological sciencesCancerCell biologyFunctional aspects of cell biologyOncology

Identifiers

PMID34877501
PMCPMC8633980
OpenAlexW3212165206

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.