Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34877472›Full record

ArticleAntibody therapeutics2021

Anti-tumor efficacy of an MMAE-conjugated antibody targeting cell surface TACE/ADAM17-cleaved Amphiregulin in breast cancer.

Kristopher A Lofgren, Sreeja Sreekumar, E Charles Jenkins, Kyle J Ernzen, Paraic A Kenny

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibody therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Amphiregulin and Fibrosis: Existing Evidence and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  3. Amphiregulin in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kristopher A LofgrenKabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
Sreeja SreekumarKabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
E Charles JenkinsDepartment of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Kyle J ErnzenKabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
Paraic A KennyKabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-4402
Gundersen Health System · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) ligand, Amphiregulin (AREG), is a key proliferative effector of estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer and also plays a role in other malignancies. AREG is a single-pass transmembrane protein proteolytically processed by TACE/ADAM17 to release the soluble EGFR ligand, leaving a residual transmembrane stalk that is subsequently internalized.

methodsUsing phage display, we identified antibodies that selectively recognize the residual transmembrane stalk of cleaved AREG. Conjugation with fluorescence labels and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was used to study their intracellular trafficking and anti-cancer effects, respectively.

resultsWe report the development of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), GMF-1A3-MMAE, targeting an AREG neo-epitope revealed following ADAM17-mediated cleavage. The antibody does not interact with uncleaved AREG, providing a novel means of targeting cells with high rates of AREG shedding. Using fluorescent dye conjugation, we demonstrated that the antibody is internalized by cancer cells in a manner dependent on the presence of cell surface cleaved AREG. Antibodies conjugated with MMAE were cytotoxic

conclusionsThis ADC targeting AREG has potential utility in the treatment of breast and other tumors in which proteolytic AREG shedding is a frequent event.

Indexed as

ADCamphiregulinbreast cancerestrogen receptortargeted delivery

Identifiers

PMID34877472
PMCPMC8643873
OpenAlexW4226304178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.