ReviewCureus2021
Cluster Headache and Associated Risk Factors: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking in primary headaches - a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Exploratory Ising model network analysis of cluster headache: mapping conditional associations across symptoms, triggers, and pain localization.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Article
- Smoking and cluster headache: clinical, gender, and treatment insights from a cross-sectional cluster analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Episodic cluster headache with suspected giant cell arteritis, sinusitis-related headache, and dietary triggers: a case report.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 15. Cluster Headache.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Review
- Managing Cluster Headache in Patients with Medical, Psychiatric, and Surgical Comorbidities.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- The World Health Organization Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders and the headache revolution: from headache burden to a global action plan for headache disorders.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cluster headache (CH) has always been associated with several risk factors, including hereditary, environmental, and lifestyle habits. This study focuses on important risk factors, including family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, male predominance, and head trauma associated with CH. The present study aimed at investigating the available literature on cluster headaches and evaluating their associated risk factors. A systematic data search was designed, and scientific data were collected from renowned databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar. Thirty-two studies were selected to execute a systemic review, and 26 studies, consisting of 6,065 CH patients, qualified for a meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted by using MedCalc, version 16.8.4; (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium; http://www.medcalc.org) and Rapidminer statistical software, version 9.6.0 (www.rapidminer.com). We conclude the evidence of family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, male predominance, and head trauma are associated with cluster headaches. However, sex discrimination in familial cases needs to be revisited because of the female predominance reported by familial history and CH association studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.