ArticleSurgical neurology international2021
Utilization of epilepsy surgery in the United States: A study of the National Inpatient Sample investigating the roles of race, socioeconomic status, and insurance.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental Health Parity in Interventional Psychiatry: Access, Ethical and Policy Implications.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Areas of research priorities in epilepsy: A position paper of the European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies, EpiCARE.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Disparities in the Clinical Provision of Deep Brain Stimulation: A Systematic Scoping Review and Grounded-Theory Qualitative Analysis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Childhood Epilepsy.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Disparities in Access to Deep Brain Stimulation and Responsive Neurostimulation Approaches to Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2024Article
- Delays in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: A cohort study.Epilepsia · 2024Article
- Predictors of referral for long-term EEG monitoring for Medicare beneficiaries with drug-resistant epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpilepsy is estimated to affect 70 million people worldwide and is medically refractory in 30% of cases.
methodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study using a US database from 2012 to 2014 to identify patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the hospital with epilepsy as the primary diagnosis. The sampled population was weighted using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project guidelines. Procedural ICD-9 codes were utilized to stratify the sampled population into two cohorts: resective surgery and implantation or stimulation procedure.
resultsQuery of the database yielded 152,925 inpatients, of which 8535 patients underwent surgical intervention. The nonprocedural group consisted of 76,000 White patients (52.6%) and 28,390 Black patients (19.7%) while the procedural group comprised 5550 White patients (64%) and 730 Black patients (8.6%) (
conclusionWe demonstrate an area of need and significant improvement at institutions that have the resources and capability to perform epilepsy surgery. The data show that institutions may not be performing enough epilepsy surgery as a result of racial and socioeconomic bias. Admissions for epilepsy continue to increase without a similar trend for epilepsy surgery despite its documented effectiveness. Race, socioeconomic status, and insurance all represent significant barriers in access to epilepsy surgery. The barriers can be remedied by improving referral patterns and implementing cost-effective measures to improve inpatient epilepsy services in rural and nonteaching hospitals.
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