ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Inequality, identity, and partisanship: How redistribution can stem the tide of mass polarization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cultural tightness and social cohesion under coevolving beliefs, behaviors, and preferences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Why do people object to economic inequality? The role of distributive justice and social harmony concerns as predictors of support for redistribution and collective action.The British journal of social psychology · 2025Article
- Social network size and endorsement of political violence in the US.Injury epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Resolving selfish and spiteful interdependent conflict.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Group reciprocity and the evolution of stereotyping.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Computational analysis of 140 years of US political speeches reveals more positive but increasingly polarized framing of immigration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Link recommendation algorithms and dynamics of polarization in online social networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The dynamics of political polarization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The emergence and perils of polarization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Polarization, diversity, and democratic robustness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The form of political polarization where citizens develop strongly negative attitudes toward out-party members and policies has become increasingly prominent across many democracies. Economic hardship and social inequality, as well as intergroup and racial conflict, have been identified as important contributing factors to this phenomenon known as "affective polarization." Research shows that partisan animosities are exacerbated when these interests and identities become aligned with existing party cleavages. In this paper, we use a model of cultural evolution to study how these forces combine to generate and maintain affective political polarization. We show that economic events can drive both affective polarization and the sorting of group identities along party lines, which, in turn, can magnify the effects of underlying inequality between those groups. But, on a more optimistic note, we show that sufficiently high levels of wealth redistribution through the provision of public goods can counteract this feedback and limit the rise of polarization. We test some of our key theoretical predictions using survey data on intergroup polarization, sorting of racial groups, and affective polarization in the United States over the past 50 y.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.