ReviewTranslational neurodegeneration2021
Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications.
Review in Translational neurodegeneration, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome alterations and their clinical and biological implications in ovarian cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- The combined effects of probiotic and high-intensity interval training on memory function in high fat diet-fed rats.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Salivary Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Diagnostic Tools and Their Association with Periodontal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring Mechanistic Targets ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Preventive effects and mechanisms of yam exosome-like nanoparticles on acute liver injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Gut Dysbiosis and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms Along the Gut-Brain Axis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Immuno-Glial Connectome in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Networks.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Salidroside mitigates cognitive deficits in AlClFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Natural killer T cells as therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders.Animal cells and systems · 2026Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis extracellular vesicles promotes tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inducing PRKACB/JNK/ NFATC2 axis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence empowers gut microbiota research in neurodegenerative diseases molecular mechanisms and precision therapy.iScience · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease - Immunomodulatory mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- The Oral-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: From Microbial Dysbiosis to Neurodegeneration.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulatory Genomic Circuitry of Brain Age by Integrative Functional Genomic Analyses.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis patients exhibit oral dysbiosis with decreased early colonizers and lower hypotaurine level.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Localization and Pathological Implications of Lipopolysaccharide in the Brains of 5XFAD Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.