ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration.
Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 369 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
369 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Supraspinal Neuroinflammation in Chronic Pain After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Recent Advances in Hydrogels as Therapeutic Tools for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Danshen (Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Cuproptosis in spinal cord injury: emerging mechanisms and immunological relevance.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical translation.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Ion-GPS nanocapsules activate calcium-permeable gates in inflammatory microglia for nerve function recovery.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Multi-omics prediction of key proteases regulating scar formation and neural repair after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal disarray of inflammatory microenvironment following spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Oleuropein Reduces Secondary Injury Pathways After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Via HMGB1-Associated Signaling.Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Engineering MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Cargo Delivery to the Injured Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Magnesium and nerve injury: Mechanisms and applications.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Adrenomedullin from spinal cord injury drives heterotopic ossification in skeletal muscle via a neuro-immune-bone axis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation‑Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Neural Differentiation via UFL1‑Mediated UFMylation in Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Every-Other-Day Fasting Prehabilitation Attenuates Secondary Injury Following Spinal Cord Injury and Is Associated with Stage-Dependent SREBP1-Related Metabolic-Immune Remodeling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Investigating the Cellular Activity and Differential Gene Expression of Human Astrocytes in Interaction with Protein Composite Nanofibers.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Interferon regulatory factor 4-releasing 3D-printed scaffolds enhance spinal cord repair by modulating macrophage polarization.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- MicroRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury: Molecular and Translational Insights.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Human Spinal Cord Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue Patterning in Viscoelastic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Notch Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
309 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition that results in a loss of motor and sensory function. Although extensive research to develop treatments for SCI has been performed, to date, none of these treatments have produced a meaningful amount of functional recovery after injury. The primary injury is caused by the initial trauma to the spinal cord and results in ischemia, oxidative damage, edema, and glutamate excitotoxicity. This process initiates a secondary injury cascade, which starts just a few hours post-injury and may continue for more than 6 months, leading to additional cell death and spinal cord damage. Inflammation after SCI is complex and driven by a diverse set of cells and signaling molecules. In this review, we utilize an extensive literature survey to develop the timeline of local immune cell and cytokine behavior after SCI in rodent models. We discuss the precise functional roles of several key cytokines and their effects on a variety of cell types involved in the secondary injury cascade. Furthermore, variations in the inflammatory response between rats and mice are highlighted. Since current SCI treatment options do not successfully initiate functional recovery or axonal regeneration, identifying the specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical. With a more thorough understanding of the complex SCI pathophysiology, effective therapeutic targets with realistic timelines for intervention may be established to successfully attenuate secondary damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.