Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34876105›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2021

Deep semi-supervised learning for automatic segmentation of inferior alveolar nerve using a convolutional neural network.

Ho-Kyung Lim, Seok-Ki Jung, Seung-Hyun Kim, Yongwon Cho, In-Seok Song

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Review
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  16. [Strategies for prevention and treatment of vascular and nerve injuries in mandibular anterior implant surgery].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2024
    Review
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  19. The Application of Deep Learning on CBCT in Dentistry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ho-Kyung Lim *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
Seok-Ki Jung *Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
Seung-Hyun KimDepartment of Medical Humanities, Korea University College of Medicine, 46, Gaeunsa 2-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea.
Yongwon ChoDepartment of Radiology and AI Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. dragon1won@korea.ac.kr.
In-Seok SongDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. densis@korea.ac.kr.
Korea University · KRKorea University Medical Center · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) innervates and regulates the sensation of the mandibular teeth and lower lip. The position of the IAN should be monitored prior to surgery. Therefore, a study using artificial intelligence (AI) was planned to image and track the position of the IAN automatically for a quicker and safer surgery.

methodsA total of 138 cone-beam computed tomography datasets (Internal: 98, External: 40) collected from multiple centers (three hospitals) were used in the study. A customized 3D nnU-Net was used for image segmentation. Active learning, which consists of three steps, was carried out in iterations for 83 datasets with cumulative additions after each step. Subsequently, the accuracy of the model for IAN segmentation was evaluated using the 50 datasets. The accuracy by deriving the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) value and the segmentation time for each learning step were compared. In addition, visual scoring was considered to comparatively evaluate the manual and automatic segmentation.

resultsAfter learning, the DSC gradually increased to 0.48 ± 0.11 to 0.50 ± 0.11, and 0.58 ± 0.08. The DSC for the external dataset was 0.49 ± 0.12. The times required for segmentation were 124.8, 143.4, and 86.4 s, showing a large decrease at the final stage. In visual scoring, the accuracy of manual segmentation was found to be higher than that of automatic segmentation.

conclusionsThe deep active learning framework can serve as a fast, accurate, and robust clinical tool for demarcating IAN location.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMandibular NerveNeural Networks, ComputerSupervised Machine LearningAutomatic segmentationConvolutional neural networkDeep learningInferior alveolar nerve

Identifiers

PMID34876105
PMCPMC8650351
OpenAlexW4200313056

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.