Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34875579›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2022

Identifying diverse forms of (un)healthy sleep: Sleep profiles differentiate adults' psychological and physical well-being.

Claire E Smith, Soomi Lee

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Early identification of sleep phenotypes in infants by videosomnography: a cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
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  14. Multidimensional Sleep Health Problems Across Middle and Older Adulthood Predict Early Mortality.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
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  18. Sleep Profiles Among Ethnically-Racially Minoritized Adolescents: Associations with Sociocultural Experiences and Developmental Outcomes.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Claire E SmithSchool of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 East Merry Avenue, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA. Electronic address: clairesmith3@usf.edu.
Soomi LeeSchool of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
Bowling Green State University · USUniversity of South Florida · US

Funding

U19 MIDlife in the United States-Diversity Supplement-WellsU19AG051426 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAROL D. RYFF · 2016 to 2026
$74.8M
STATISTICS COREP01AG020166 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI RYFF, CAROL D. · 2002 to 2015
$50.6M
Sleep Health Profiles in Middle-aged Workers in Relation to Cardiovascular and Cognitive HealthR56AG065251 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI LEE, SOOMI · 2020 to 2020
$412k
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG020166NIA NIH HHS R56 AG065251NIA NIH HHS U19 AG051426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleSleep health is best described by the co-occurrence of various dimensions (e.g., regularity, daytime alertness, satisfaction, efficiency, duration) but is rarely measured this way. Information is needed regarding common within-person patterns of sleep characteristics among adults and their relative healthiness.

objectiveTo deepen understanding of healthy and unhealthy sleep, the present study aimed to uncover multidimensional sleep profiles in adults and their associations with a variety of psychological and physical well-being outcomes.

methodsSurvey data from 4622 adults who participated in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) project was used to identify latent sleep profiles across five core sleep dimensions. Adjusting for individual sleep dimensions and sociodemographic covariates, General Linear Models were used to test the associations of sleep profile membership with hedonic and eudemonic well-being and chronic physical conditions.

resultsFour latent sleep profiles were revealed, good sleepers, sufficient but irregular sleepers, nappers, and short, dissatisfied, and inefficient sleepers. The profiles differentially related to well-being outcomes above and beyond individual sleep dimensions and sociodemographic covariates. Good sleepers generally reported the best outcomes, and short, dissatisfied, and inefficient sleepers generally reported the worst outcomes.

conclusionFour common sleep profiles describe adults' holistic sleep experiences and predict a variety of well-being outcomes beyond other known predictors. In adulthood, healthy sleep may involve sufficient sleep across all dimensions whereas unhealthy sleep may involve insufficient sleep across three key dimensions: duration, satisfaction, and efficiency.

Indexed as

Health StatusSleepAdultChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesHumansUnited StatesChronic healthLatent profile analysisSleep healthWell-being

Identifiers

PMID34875579
PMCPMC12718446
OpenAlexW3217298221

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.