ArticleBrain and behavior2022
Negative valence of hallucinatory voices as predictor of cortical glutamatergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia patients.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aberrant Fear: Biological Underpinnings Relevant to Psychosis, Antipsychotic Drugs, and Psychotherapeutic Treatments, a Translational Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of affective states in computational psychiatry.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- GABA, glutamate dynamics and BOLD observed during cognitive processing in psychosis patients with hallucinatory traits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Precision medicine for psychotic disorders: objective assessment, risk prediction, and pharmacogenomics.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Negative valence of hallucinatory voices as predictor of cortical glutamatergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia patients.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesNegative emotional valence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia can be a source of distress and is considered a strong predictor of illness severity. Previous studies have found glutamate to mediate AVH severity in frontal and temporal brain regions, however, they do not specifically address emotional valence of AVH. The role of glutamate for the experience of negative- versus positive emotional valence of AVH is therefore unknown and was investigated in the current study.
methodsUsing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), 37 schizophrenia patients had Glx (glutamate+glutamine) measured in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and additionally in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right STG, or in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Self-reported emotional valence in AVH was measured with the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R).
resultsResults from linear mixed models showed that negative emotional valence was associated with reduced Glx levels across all four measured brain regions in the frontal and temporal lobe. More specifically, voices that were experienced to be omnipotent (p = 0.04) and that the patients attempted to resist (p = 0.04) were related to lower Glx levels. Follow-up analysis of the latter showed that voices that evoked emotional resistance (i.e., fear, sadness, anger), rather than behavioral resistance, was a significant predictor of reduced glutamate (p = 0.02).
conclusionThe findings could indicate aberrant glutamatergic signaling, or increased NMDA-receptor hypoactivity in patients who experience their voices to be more emotionally negative. Overall, the study provides support for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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