ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
Millisecond dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 spike and its interaction with ACE2 receptor and small extracellular vesicles.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Shield strike shatter in DNA topology and nuclease interactions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Switching Spike Plasticity Shapes ACE2 Engagement Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- ATP-driven membrane binding and polymerization of bacterial actin MreB promotes local membrane fluidization.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- The serotonin-gated 5-HT3 receptor: a tale of functions and structures of a prototypical pentameric ligand-gated ion channel.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Zooming into Disease at the Nanoscale: High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy in Biomedical Discovery.ACS nano · 2026Review
- Unraveling dynamics of nuclear pore and chromatin via HS-AFM.Anatomical science international · 2026Review
- Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2 through conformational selection.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Zooming into Gene Activation: Estrogen Receptor α Dimerization and DNA Binding Visualized by High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology meets medicine: applications of atomic force microscopy in disease.Biophysical reviews · 2025Review
- Nanoscopic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles via High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy (HS-AFM) Videography.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of protamine-DNA condensation revealed by high-speed atomic force microscopy.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Structural basis for the recognition of HCoV-HKU1 by human TMPRSS2.Cell research · 2024Article
- Micro-second time-resolved X-ray single-molecule internal motions of SARS-CoV-2 spike variants.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Roles of extracellular vesicles on macrophages in inflammatory bone diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antigen-carrying extracellular vesicles activate T cell responses in a human immunogenicity model.iScience · 2024Article
- Nanoscopic Elucidation of Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6) Protein.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), allowing virus to dock on cell membrane follow by viral entry. Here, we use high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) for real-time visualization of S, and its interaction with hACE2 and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Results show conformational heterogeneity of S, flexibility of S stalk and receptor-binding domain (RBD), and pH/temperature-induced conformational change of S. S in an S-ACE2 complex appears as an all-RBD up conformation. The complex acquires a distinct topology upon acidification. S and S2 subunit demonstrate different membrane docking mechanisms on sEVs. S-hACE2 interaction facilitates S to dock on sEVs, implying the feasibility of ACE2-expressing sEVs for viral neutralization. In contrary, S2 subunit docks on lipid layer and enters sEV using its fusion peptide, mimicking the viral entry scenario. Altogether, our study provides a platform that is suitable for real-time visualization of various entry inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, and sEV-based decoy in blocking viral entry. Teaser: Comprehensive observation of SARS-CoV-2 spike and its interaction with receptor ACE2 and sEV-based decoy in real time using HS-AFM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.