SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Clinicians for CARE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Support Caregivers of Patients With Heart Disease.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effective Solutions for Caregivers of Older Adults: A Review of Systematic Reviews.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025Pooled it
- Feasibility of a Multi-Component Strengths-Building Intervention for Caregivers of Persons With Heart Failure.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Trial
- The Information Needs and Experiences of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Caregivers: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Data.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Involving Families in Cardiac Care Through Remote Patient and Family Management: Focus Group and Journey Mapping Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Article
- The Impact of Informal Caregiving on Patient-Reported Outcomes, Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- Article
- Summary of the best evidence for dyadic disease management in patients who have undergone coronary stenting and their family caregivers.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Caregiver burden reduction program among family caregivers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: designing and evaluating.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Identifying Elements for a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Caregivers: An International Delphi Consensus.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Depression Onset After a Spouse's Cardiovascular Event.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on anxiety and caregiver burden of family caregivers of patients with heart failure: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Smartphone-Based Remote Monitoring for Chronic Heart Failure: Mixed Methods Analysis of User Experience From Patient and Nurse Perspectives.JMIR nursing · 2023Article
- Caregiver Stress Is Improved and Sustained Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.Palliative medicine reports · 2023Article
- Strengths-building through life purpose, self-care goal setting and social support: Study protocol for Caregiver Support.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2022Article
- Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Their Care Partners: An Analysis of Care Needs, Care Activities, and Care Partner Stress and Mental Health.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Caregivers provide critical support for patients with chronic diseases, including heart disease, but often experience caregiver stress that negatively impacts their health, quality of life, and patient outcomes. We aimed to inform health care teams on an evidence-based approach to supporting the caregivers of patients with heart disease. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials written in English that evaluated interventions to support caregivers of patients with heart disease. We identified 15,561 articles as of April 2, 2020 from 6 databases; of which 20 unique randomized controlled trials were evaluated, representing a total of 1570 patients and 1776 caregivers. Most interventions focused on improving quality of life, and reducing burden, depression, and anxiety; 85% (17 of 20) of the randomized controlled trials provided psychoeducation for caregivers. Interventions had mixed results, with moderate non-significant effects observed for depression (Hedges' g=-0.64; 95% CI, -1.34 to 0.06) and burden (Hedges' g=-0.51; 95% CI, -2.71 to 1.70) at 2 to 4 months postintervention and small non-significant effects observed for quality of life and anxiety. These results were limited by the heterogeneity of outcome measures and intervention delivery methods. A qualitative synthesis of major themes of the interventions resulted in clinical recommendations represented with the acronym "CARE" (Caregiver-Centered, Active engagement, Reinforcement, Education). Conclusions This systematic review highlights the need for greater understanding of the challenges faced by caregivers and the development of guidelines to help clinicians address those challenges. More research is necessary to develop clinical interventions that consistently improve caregiver outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.