ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2022
The clinical burden of cow's milk allergy in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cow's milk protein allergy in infants: Clinical presentations and outcomes.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Establishment and preliminary validation of a noninvasive diagnostic model for food allergy in infants.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence Clinical Syndromes and Outcomes of Cow's Milk Allergy in Children: A Four-Year Follow-Up.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Cow milk protein allergy mimics in infancy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Cow's milk protein allergy: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and management strategies.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- The evolution of Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS™) in presumed healthy infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- The health economic impact of cow's milk allergy in childhood: A retrospective cohort study.Clinical and translational allergy · 2022Article
- The Cow's Milk Related Symptom Score: The 2022 Update.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The clinical burden of cow's milk allergy in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCow's milk allergy (CMA) is common in infants and children. Clinical presentations may vary, with a range of symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal (GI), skin and respiratory systems. Whilst the primary focus of research to date has been on the management of these symptoms, studies investigating the broader clinical burden of CMA are limited.
methodsWe performed a retrospective matched cohort study examining clinical data, including allergic symptoms and infections, extracted from case records within The Health Improvement Network database. A total of 6998 children (54% male) were included in the study, including 3499 with CMA (mean age at diagnosis 4.04 months) and 3499 matched controls without CMA, observed for a mean period of 4.2 years.
resultsGI, skin and respiratory symptoms affected significantly more children with CMA (p < .001), which recurred more often (p < .001), compared with children without CMA. More children with CMA had symptoms affecting multiple systems (p < .001). CMA was associated with a greater probability of these symptoms requiring hypoallergenic formula (HAF) prescription persisting over time (log-rank test p < .0001, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.85, p < .001), with a longer median duration of symptoms and HAF prescription compared with the duration of symptoms in those without CMA (3.48 vs. 2.96 years). GI, skin, respiratory and ear infections affected significantly more children with CMA than those without, increasing by 74% (p < .001), 20% (p < .001), 9% (p < .001), and 30% (p < .001) respectively. These infections also recurred more often among children with CMA, increasing by 62% for GI infections, 37% for skin and respiratory infections, and 44% for ear infections (p < .001).
conclusionsThis real-world study provides evidence to suggest that CMA presents a significant clinical burden to children, which has implications for the healthcare system. Further research is warranted to understand the health economic impact of this, and the phenotypes, factors and management approaches which may affect clinical outcomes.
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