ArticleAmerican journal of cancer research2021
Changes in cytokine levels in breast cancer patients with CRCI before or after CALM intervention.
Article in American journal of cancer research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic predictive models for cancer-related fatigue: current evidence and future directions.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Cytokines and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairment Related to Breast Cancer and Its Treatments: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of the CALM intervention on resilience in Chinese patients with early breast cancer: a randomized trial.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- Review
- The role of glymphatic system function in the managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention to improve chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in breast cancer survivors.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Neural mechanisms of CALM intervention to improve CRCI in breast cancer survivors: an fMRI-based study.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Detection of IL-1β, VEGF and IL-4 with their novel genetic variations in breast cancer patients.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- The correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 153 levels with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in early-stage breast cancer patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To investigate the changes in cytokine (interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)) levels and cognitive function before and after managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM) intervention, in early-stage breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). One hundred and twenty-eight breast cancer patients with CRCI enrolled in this study, there are fifty patients underwent with 6 CALM interventions and seventy-eight patient care as usual (CAU). Cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4) levels in the patients were assessed, and the patients were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Prospective Memory (PM) and Retrospective Memory (RM), and Quality-of-life (QOL) and Psychological Distress Thermometer (DT) assessments before CALM intervention (BCM), after CALM intervention (ACM) and care of usual (CAU). Measures at these two time points and two groups were compared. There were significant differences in the performance on the RM, PM, MMSE, QOL and DT measures after, compared to before (t=8.126, t=8.007, t=-10.789, t=9.236, t=17.649, respectively; P<0.05), the CALM intervention, compared to CAU (t=-7.408, t=-7.300, t=8.128, t=-8.851, t=-10.572, respectively; P<0.05). In addition, cytokine levels, including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4, were significantly different before and after the CALM intervention (t=5.073, t=4.228, t=5.815, respectively; P<0.05) and the two groups (ACM vs CAU) were distinctly different (t=-3.353, t=-2.694, t=-3.268, respectively; P<0.05). furthermore, the cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4) have linear correlation with cognitive function before and after CALM intervention (r=-0.343/r=0.538, r=-0.375/r=-0.330, r=-0.310/r=-0.541, respectively; P<0.05). The present results indicated that CALM intervention could alleviate CRCI and that this process is accompanied by changes in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 levels. These results further confirm that cytokines may be involved in CRCI and that CALM may become an efficient method to relieve CRCI-related symptoms in breast cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34873469PMC8640820W4206883912What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.