ArticleJournal of clinical and translational science2021
Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a and E ion channel activity in COVID-19 blood samples.
Article in Journal of clinical and translational science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a accessory protein is a water-permeable channel that induces lysosome swelling.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The 6-kilodalton peptide 1 of the familyFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- The SARS coronavirus accessory protein ORF3a rescues potassium conductance in yeast.microPublication biology · 2024Article
- Probing the mechanical properties of ORF3a protein, a transmembrane channel of SARS-CoV-2 virus: Molecular dynamics study.Chemical physics · 2023Article
- Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Channel Activity Using FDA-Approved Channel Modulators Independent of Variants.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis.F1000Research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 has been found in the heart of COVID-19 patients. It is unclear how the virus passes from the upper respiratory tract to the myocardium. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 is present in the blood of COVID-19 infected patients, spreading to other organs such as heart.
methodsWe targeted two viroporins, Orf3a and E, in SARS-CoV-2. Orf3a and E form non-voltage-gated ion channels. A combined fluorescence potassium ion assay with three channel modulators (4-aminopyridine, emodin-Orf3a channel blocker, and gliclazide-E channel blocker) was developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 Orf3a/E channel activity. In blood samples, we subtracted the fluorescence signals in the absence and presence of emodin/gliclazide to detect Orf3a and E channel activity.
resultsIn lentivirus-spiked samples, we detected significant channel activity of Orf3a/E based on increase in fluorescence induced by 4-aminopyridine, and this increase in fluorescence was inhibited by emodin and gliclazide. In 18 antigen/PCR-positive samples, our test results found 15 are positive, demonstrating 83.3% concordance. In 24 antigen/PCR-negative samples, our test results found 21 are negative, showing 87.5% concordance.
conclusionsWe developed a cell-free test that can detect Orf3a/E channel activity of SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from COVID-19-infected individuals, confirming a hypothesis that the virus spreads to the heart via blood circulation.
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