Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34873338›Full record

ArticleNature metabolism2021

The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice.

Qixia Xu, Qiang Fu, Zi Li, Hanxin Liu, Ying Wang, Xu Lin, Ruikun He, Xuguang Zhang, Zhenyu Ju, Judith Campisi and 2 more

Expression of concernOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. Cited by 193 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
193citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
21.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

193 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Food science & nutrition · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Senolytic Therapy as a Preventive Strategy for Spine Degeneration and Pain.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Qixia Xu *CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumour, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Qiang Fu *Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Zi LiShanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Hanxin LiuDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
Ying WangCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumour, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-9367
Xu LinShanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Ruikun HeScience & Technology Centre, By-Health Corp. Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
Xuguang ZhangScience & Technology Centre, By-Health Corp. Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
Zhenyu JuKey Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Judith CampisiBuck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
James L KirklandRobert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-4905
Yu SunCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumour, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. sunyu@sibs.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-9112
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health · CNBinzhou Medical University · CNBinzhou University · CNBuck Institute for Research on Aging · USJinan University · CNMayo Clinic in Florida · USShanghai Jiao Tong University · CN

Funding

Targeting Cellular Senescence to Extend HealthspanP01AG062413 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Sundeep Khosla, Nathan K LeBrasseur · 2019 to 2026
$28.7M
Effect of Aging on Preadipocyte DifferentiationR37AG013925 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KIRKLAND, JAMES L. · 2016 to 2025
$6.6M
Effect of Aging on Preadipocyte DifferentiationR01AG013925 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KIRKLAND, JAMES L. · 1997 to 2012
$3.7M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG062413NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013925NIA NIH HHS R37 AG013925
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ageing-associated functional decline of organs and increased risk for age-related chronic pathologies is driven in part by the accumulation of senescent cells, which develop the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we show that procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a polyphenolic component of grape seed extract (GSE), increases the healthspan and lifespan of mice through its action on senescent cells. By screening a library of natural products, we find that GSE, and PCC1 as one of its active components, have specific effects on senescent cells. At low concentrations, PCC1 appears to inhibit SASP formation, whereas it selectively kills senescent cells at higher concentrations, possibly by promoting production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In rodent models, PCC1 depletes senescent cells in a treatment-damaged tumour microenvironment and enhances therapeutic efficacy when co-administered with chemotherapy. Intermittent administration of PCC1 to either irradiated, senescent cell-implanted or naturally aged old mice alleviates physical dysfunction and prolongs survival. We identify PCC1 as a natural senotherapeutic agent with in vivo activity and high potential for further development as a clinical intervention to delay, alleviate or prevent age-related pathologies.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisCell LineCellular SenescenceComputational BiologyDrug DevelopmentEnergy MetabolismFlavonoidsGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHumansLongevityMiceMitochondriaOxidative StressSenescence-Associated Secretory PhenotypeFlavonoidsprocyanidin trimer C1Senotherapeutics

Identifiers

PMID34873338
PMCPMC8688144
OpenAlexW4200000184

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.