ArticleBMC public health2021
Influence of contextual socioeconomic position on hypertension risk in low- and middle-income countries: disentangling context from composition.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hidden crisis of undiagnosed hypertension among women of reproductive age with elevated blood pressure: a regional disparities and determinants using Tanzania nation survey.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Hypertension burden and associated risk factors among people from the slums in a developing country: evidence from the COMBAT-CVD study.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of condomless sex among adolescents and young adults in Liberia: a multilevel analysis using data from the 2019-2020 Demographic and Health Survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS at Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) Centers in Mumbai, India.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Associations Among Reduced Income, Unhealthy Habits, the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases, and Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reduced Income and Its Associations with Physical Inactivity, Unhealthy Habits, and Cardiac Complications in the Hypertensive Population.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Obesity and hypertension: Obesity medicine association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) 2023.Obesity pillars · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Macro-Level Determinants of Hypertension: Ecological Analysis of 138 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Association between gender-based violence and hypertension among women in the Kyrgyzstan Republic.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHypertension has emerged as the single most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. Resource-limited settings are currently experiencing the epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to chronic non-communicable diseases, primarily due to modifications in diet and lifestyle behaviour. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of individual-, community- and country-level factors associated with hypertension in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsMultivariable multi-level logistic regression analysis was applied using 12 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets collected between 2011 and 2018 in LMICs. We included 888,925 respondents (Level 1) nested within 33,883 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 12 LMICs (Level 3).
resultsThe prevalence of hypertension ranged from 10.3% in the Kyrgyz Republic to 52.2% in Haiti. After adjusting for the individual-, neighbourhood- and country-level factors, we found respondents living in the least deprived areas were 14% more likely to have hypertension than those from the most deprived areas (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.17). We observed a significant variation in the odds of hypertension across the countries and the neighbourhoods. Approximately 26.3 and 47.6% of the variance in the odds of hypertension could be attributed to country- and neighbourhood-level factors, respectively. We also observed that respondents moving to a different neighbourhood or country with a higher risk of hypertension had an increased chance of developing hypertension, the median increase in their odds of hypertension was 2.83-fold (95% CI 2.62 to 3.07) and 4.04- fold (95% CI 3.98 to 4.08), respectively.
conclusionsThis study revealed that individual compositional and contextual measures of socioeconomic status were independently associated with the risk of developing hypertension. Therefore, prevention strategies should be implemented at the individual level and the socioeconomic and contextual levels to reduce the burden of hypertension.
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