Trial reportJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2021
Habitual caffeine consumption moderates the antidepressant effect of dorsomedial intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Trial report in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute and long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive episodes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials.Research square · 2026Article
- Chronic caffeine consumption on clinical TMS outcomes: A naturalistic retrospective analysis.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2024) · 2025Article
- Review
- Exploring the Impact and Mechanisms of Coffee and Its Active Ingredients on Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Embracing Internal States: A Review of Optimization of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treating Depression.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- The future of brain circuit-targeted therapeutics.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Action of TMS in the Treatment of Depression.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPotentiating current antidepressant treatment is much needed. Based on animal studies, caffeine may augment the effects of currently available antidepressants.
objectiveHere, we tested whether habitual caffeine consumption moderates the antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS).
methodsForty patients with current depressive episodes were randomized to active iTBS (
resultsHabitual caffeine consumption was associated with symptom improvement following active iTBS (
conclusionHabitual caffeine consumption moderated the antidepressant effect of dorsomedial iTBS, consistent with caffeine improving antidepressant pharmacological treatments in animals. Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine receptors and may enhance antidepressant effects through downstream dopaminergic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.