ArticleThe American journal of emergency medicine2022
Prehospital time for patients with acute cardiac complaints: A rural health disparity.
Article in The American journal of emergency medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging the Gap: Multidisciplinary Decision Making to Address Systemic Barriers in Cardiovascular Care.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Bypassing Emergency Service: Decoding the Drivers of Self-Referral During Acute Myocardial Infarction on Rural Areas in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing variations in care delivered to rural out of hospital cardiac arrest patients in the interfacility transfer setting.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Ambulance service recognition of health inequalities and activities for reduction: An evidence and gap map of the published literature.British paramedic journal · 2024Article
- Using wastewater to overcome health disparities among rural residents.Geoforum; journal of physical, human, and regional geosciences · 2023Article
- Prehospital Time Interval for Urban and Rural Emergency Medical Services: A Systematic Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDelays in care for patients with acute cardiac complaints are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to quantify rural and urban differences in prehospital time intervals for patients with cardiac complaints.
methodsThe ESO Data Collaborative dataset consisting of records from 1332 EMS agencies was queried for 9-1-1 encounters with acute cardiac problems among adults (age ≥ 18) from 1/1/2013-6/1/2018. Location was classified as rural or urban using the 2010 United States Census. The primary outcome was total prehospital time. Generalized estimating equations evaluated differences in the average times between rural and urban encounters while controlling for age, sex, race, transport mode, loaded mileage, and patient stability.
resultsAmong 428,054 encounters, the median age was 62 (IQR 50-75) years with 50.7% female, 75.3% white, and 10.3% rural. The median total prehospital, response, scene, and transport times were 37.0 (IQR 29.0-48.0), 6.0 (IQR 4.0-9.0), 16.0 (IQR 12.0-21.0), and 13.0 (IQR 8.0-21.0) minutes. Rural patients had an average total prehospital time that was 16.76 min (95%CI 15.15-18.38) longer than urban patients. After adjusting for covariates, average total time was 5.08 (95%CI 4.37-5.78) minutes longer for rural patients. Average response and transport time were 4.36 (95%CI 3.83-4.89) and 0.62 (95%CI 0.33-0.90) minutes longer for rural patients. Scene time was similar in rural and urban patients (0.09 min, 95%CI -0.15-0.33).
conclusionRural patients with acute cardiac complaints experienced longer prehospital time than urban patients, even after accounting for other key variables, such as loaded mileage.
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