Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34871810›Full record

ReviewTranslational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine2022

Development of mRNA manufacturing for vaccines and therapeutics: mRNA platform requirements and development of a scalable production process to support early phase clinical trials.

Jill Whitley, Christopher Zwolinski, Christian Denis, Maureen Maughan, Leonie Hayles, David Clarke, Meghan Snare, Hong Liao, Sean Chiou, Tina Marmura and 23 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Framework to identify innovative sources of value creation from platform technologies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. IntegratedMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026
    Article
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  7. IVT-free, chemically synthesized protein-encoding RNA oligonucleotides for rapid production of personalized cancer vaccines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Jill WhitleyDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Christopher ZwolinskiDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Christian DenisDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Maureen MaughanDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Leonie HaylesDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
David ClarkeDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Meghan SnareDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Hong LiaoDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Sean ChiouDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Tina MarmuraDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Holly ZoellerDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Ben HudsonDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
John PeartDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Monica JohnsonDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Amelia KarlssonDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Yunfei WangDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Cynthia NagleDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Cherell HarrisDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Daniel TonkinDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Stephanie FraserDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Lieza CapizDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Christina L ZenoDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Yvonne MeliDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Diana MartikDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Daniel A OzakiDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Amy CaparoniDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Jason E DickensDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Drew WeissmanPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Kevin O SaundersDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Barton F HaynesDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Gregory D SempowskiDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Thomas N DennyDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: thomas.denny@duke.edu.
Matthew R JohnsonDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

Funding

Project 2: Current Good Manufacture Practices (CGMP) Production of Nucleoside-Modified mRNAs Encoding HIV-1 EnvelopesU19AI135902 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PORTER, FREDERICK · 2018 to 2022
$19.8M
Project 2 - GMP Manufacturing of mRNA ImmunogensU19AI142596 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HAYNES, BARTON F. · 2019 to 2024
$19.0M
Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL)UC6AI058607 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, R SANDERS · 2003 to 2005
$16.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI135902NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142596NIAID NIH HHS UC6 AI058607
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The remarkable success of SARS CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines and the ensuing interest in mRNA vaccines and therapeutics have highlighted the need for a scalable clinical-enabling manufacturing process to produce such products, and robust analytical methods to demonstrate safety, potency, and purity. To date, production processes have either not been disclosed or are bench-scale in nature and cannot be readily adapted to clinical and commercial scale production. To address these needs, we have advanced an aqueous-based scalable process that is readily adaptable to GMP-compliant manufacturing, and developed the required analytical methods for product characterization, quality control release, and stability testing. We also have demonstrated the products produced at manufacturing scale under such approaches display good potency and protection in relevant animal models with mRNA products encoding both vaccine immunogens and antibodies. Finally, we discuss continued challenges in raw material identification, sourcing and supply, and the cold chain requirements for mRNA therapeutic and vaccine products. While ultimate solutions have yet to be elucidated, we discuss approaches that can be taken that are aligned with regulatory guidance.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesAnimalsHumansRNA, MessengerSARS-CoV-2RNA, MessengerVaccines

Identifiers

PMID34871810
PMCPMC8641981

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.