Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2022
Association of GSTM1 Deletion With Progression of CKD in Children: Findings From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study.
Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00327860 (Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis and Emerging Biomarkers of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Kidney Disease (CFKD).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Iron therapy mitigates chronic kidney disease progression by regulating intracellular iron status of kidney macrophages.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Reduced Blood Pressure Dipping Is A Risk Factor for the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveLoss of function of the product of the GSTM1 gene has been implicated in rapid progression of adult chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its role in pediatric CKD has not been previously described. STUDY
designSecondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort examining the association between deletions in GSTM1 and progression of CKD. SETTING &
participantsWe used data and samples from the prospective Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort aged 1-16 years at enrollment with CKD. EXPOSURE: We defined the exposure as fewer than 2 GSTM1 alleles on real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. OUTCOME: The primary outcome was a composite of 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or start of kidney replacement therapy. Secondary outcomes included remission of proteinuria in children with glomerular disease and cardiovascular complications. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: The primary analysis was by Cox proportional hazards model. Analysis was adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index category, diagnosis category, and eGFR.
resultsThe analysis included 674 children. Their mean age at most recent visit was 11.9 years; 61% were male, and 20% were Black. There were 241 occurrences of the primary outcome at the time of analysis. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the risk of progression of CKD for exposed children was 1.94 (95% CI, 1.27-2.97). The effect size was similar with either 1 or 2 deletions (autosomal dominant inheritance). The relationships between number of functional GSTM1 alleles and prespecified secondary outcomes were not statistically significant after adjustment. LIMITATIONS: Missing data, especially for secondary outcomes, and relatively small sample size compared to genetic studies in adults.
conclusionsGSTM1 deletion is associated with more rapid progression of pediatric CKD after adjustment in this large prospective cohort. No statistically significant associations were seen with secondary outcomes. If replicated, these findings may inform development of interventions for CKD in children.
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Registered trials
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