ArticleInternational journal of cardiology2022
Cardiac inflammation and microvascular procoagulant changes are decreased in second wave compared to first wave deceased COVID-19 patients.
Article in International journal of cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of echocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers through three waves of COVID-19.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on time to nucleic acid negative conversion in hypertensive patients with SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection: a propensity score matching study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Observational
- Increased accumulation of the advanced glycation endproduct Ne(carboxymethyl) lysine in the intramyocardial vasculature in patients with epicarditis.International journal of experimental pathology · 2024Article
- Is There a Relationship Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Decreased Thromboembolic Events After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic?Balkan medical journal · 2023Article
- Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock Following COVID-19 Infection Versus COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- NOX2 and NOX5 are increased in cardiac microvascular endothelium of deceased COVID-19 patients.International journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Impact of first and second/third wave of COVID-19 pandemic on post-acute cardiovascular outcomes in Lombardy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- RAGE pathway activation and function in chronic kidney disease and COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Atrial inflammation and microvascular thrombogenicity are increased in deceased COVID-19 patients.Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular PathologyArticle
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCompelling evidence has shown cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients. However, the overall majority of these studies use data obtained during the first wave of the pandemic, while recently differences have been reported in disease course and mortality between first- and second wave COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare cardiac pathology between first- and second wave COVID-19 patients.
methodsAutopsied hearts from first- (n = 15) and second wave (n = 10) COVID-19 patients and from 18 non-COVID-19 control patients were (immuno)histochemically analyzed. CD45+ leukocyte, CD68+ macrophage and CD3+ T lymphocyte infiltration, cardiomyocyte necrosis and microvascular thrombosis were quantified. In addition, the procoagulant factors Tissue Factor (TF), Factor VII (FVII), Factor XII (FXII), the anticoagulant protein Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) and the advanced glycation end-product N(
resultsCardiac inflammation was significantly decreased in second wave compared to first wave COVID-19 patients, predominantly related to a decrease in infiltrated lymphocytes and the occurrence of lymphocytic myocarditis. This was accompanied by significant decreases in cardiomyocyte injury and microvascular thrombosis. Moreover, microvascular deposits of FVII and CML were significantly lower in second wave compared to first wave COVID-19 patients.
conclusionsThese results show that in our cohort of fatal COVID-19 cases cardiac inflammation, cardiomyocyte injury and microvascular thrombogenicity were markedly decreased in second wave compared to first wave patients. This may reflect advances in COVID-19 treatment related to an increased use of steroids in the second COVID-19 wave.
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