Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34871426›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric psychology2022

"There's Nothing Wrong With You": Pain-Related Stigma in Adolescents With Chronic Pain.

Emily O Wakefield, Vaishali Belamkar, Mark D Litt, Rebecca M Puhl, William T Zempsky

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Use of Biased Language in the Care of Seriously Ill Children: A Pilot Study.The American journal of hospice & palliative care · 2026
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  15. Chronic pain lived experience of pediatric sickle cell disease: A qualitative study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emily O WakefieldDivisions of Pain and Palliative Medicine and Pediatric Psychology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9308-6557
Vaishali BelamkarDepartment of Research, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
Mark D LittDivision of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
Rebecca M PuhlRudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA.
William T ZempskyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.

Funding

The Impact of Social Rejection: Investigating Pain-related Stigma in Adolescents with Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal PainK23AR073934 · NIAMS · CONNECTICUT CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER · PI WAKEFIELD, EMILY O · 2020 to 2024
$792k
NIAMS NIH HHS K23 AR073934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAdolescents with chronic pain often experience symptom disbelief and social rejection by others secondary to "medically unexplained" symptoms. Although chronic pain is common in adolescents, limited research has conceptualized these social experiences as pain-related stigma in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe pain-related stigma among adolescents with chronic pain and their parents using focus group methodology.

methodsFive adolescent focus groups (N = 18; Age M = 15.33 years, SD = 1.28) and three parent focus groups (N = 9) were conducted. Directed content analysis was used to analyze focus group transcripts. Stigma categories were developed a priori (Felt Stigma, Anticipated Stigma, Internalized Stigma, Concealment, and Controllability) and new categories emerged during analysis. Two coders reached 87.16% agreement for all groups (adolescent group: 90.34%; Parent group: 79.55%) and consensus was achieved for discordant codes.

resultsAdolescents and their parents endorsed pain-related stigma across all social domains. Analyses revealed four main categories for both groups (a) Felt Stigma (subcategories: pain dismissal, faking or exaggerating, and mental health stigma), (b) Anticipated Stigma and Concealment, (c) Internalized Stigma, and (d) Sources of Pain-Related Stigma (subcategories: pain invisibility, lack of chronic pain knowledge, lack of understanding, and controllability).

conclusionsAdolescents with chronic pain experience pain-related stigma from medical providers, school personnel, family members, and peers, which may have negative social and health implications. More research is needed to evaluate the link between pain-related stigma and health outcomes for adolescents with chronic pain. Clinical approaches targeting pain-related stigma are discussed.

Indexed as

Chronic PainAdolescentFamilyFocus GroupsHumansParentsSocial Stigmaadolescentschronic and recurrent painhealth disparity and inequitiesparentsqualitative methods

Identifiers

PMID34871426
PMCPMC9216484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.