ArticlePloS one2021
The prevalence, grouping, and distribution of stressors and their association with anxiety among hospitalized patients.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Telemonitoring for perioperative care of outpatient bariatric surgery: Preference-based randomized clinical trial.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Vital Exhaustion in Hospitalized Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Anxiety and Insomnia-A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Staying Active: Promoting Activity Engagement for Poststroke Pain Management With Insights From Ecological Momentary Assessment.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Mental health in the peri-hospital period of older patients: the roles of physical symptoms burden and sleep quality.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Trauma descriptions and lived experiences: a phenomenological exploratory study among patients with severe mental illness in Botswana.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Patient Journeys: A Qualitative Assessment Exploring Patient Availability and Interest in Whole Health Services.Journal of patient safety · 2026Article
- "There's So Much That They're Enduring": Experiences of Older Adults Undergoing Major Elective Surgery.Annals of surgery · 2025Article
- Hospitalization experience and associated factors among Chinese patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- The impact of CSF venous fistula embolization on patient's quality of life, a longitudinal clinical-radiological exploration.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Emergency palliative cancer care: anxiety and midazolam.BMC palliative care · 2025Article
- State, Trait Anxiety and Insomnia in Hospitalized Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH · 2025Article
- Stressors in hospitalized patients and their associations with mental health outcomes: testing perceived social support and spiritual well-being as moderators.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Evaluating Drivers of the Patient Experience Triangle: Stress, Anxiety, and Frustration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Face Thermal Map of the Mexican Population in the Basal State.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients Referred for Complementary and Integrative Health Services at a Large Metropolitan Academic Medical Center.Global advances in integrative medicine and healthArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anxiety is prevalent among hospital inpatients and it has harmful effects on patient well-being and clinical outcomes. We aimed to characterize the sources of hospital distress and their relationship to anxiety. We conducted a cross-sectional study of inpatients (n = 271) throughout two Southeastern U.S. metropolitan hospitals. Participants completed a survey to identify which of 38 stressors they were experiencing. They also completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory six-item scale. We evaluated the prevalence of stressors, their distribution, and crude association with anxiety. We then used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between stressors and clinically relevant anxiety, with and without adjusting for demographic variables. We used factor analysis to describe the interrelationships among stressors and to examine whether groups of stressors tend to be endorsed together. The following stressors were highly endorsed across all unit types: pain, being unable to sleep, feelings of frustration, being overwhelmed, and fear of the unknown. Stressors relating to isolation/meaninglessness and fear/frustration tend to be endorsed together. Stressors were more frequently endorsed by younger, female, and uninsured or Medicaid-insured patients and being female and uninsured was associated with anxiety in bivariate analysis. After controlling for the sources of distress in multivariate linear analysis, gender and insurance status no longer predicted anxiety. Feelings of isolation, lack of meaning, frustration, fear, or a loss of control were predictive. Study results suggest that multiple stressors are prevalent among hospital inpatients and relatively consistent across hospital unit and disease type. Interventions for anxiety or emotional/spiritual burden may be best targeted to stressors that are frequently endorsed or associated with anxiety, especially among young and female patients.
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Registered trials
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