ArticlePLoS genetics2021
MicroRNAs are minor constituents of extracellular vesicles that are rarely delivered to target cells.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A critical systematic review of extracellular vesicle clinical trials.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on the lipid profile of extracellular vesicles.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Targetome-defined miR-181c signaling from extracellular vesicles governs periodontal MSC fate via RNF150-MAP3K5.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Engineering MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Cargo Delivery to the Injured Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle Release Within Energetic and Quantitative Constraints: Implications for Function.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- The Role of MicroRNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Tumorigenesis Through Reprogramming the Mitochondrial Information Processing System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exosomal miRNA as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, and a new target for regulating treatment resistance in DLBCL: a research progress narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Biology and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle targeting and uptake.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of extracellular vesicles released from resting neutrophils under distinct pharmacological inhibition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rethinking Extracellular Vesicle Signaling.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- p62 sorts Lupus La and selected microRNAs into breast cancer-derived exosomes.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- EV-Encapsulated Mitochondrial miRNAs: Enhancing Cardiomyocyte Bioenergetics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Chronic Resistance Exercise Combined with Nutrient Timing Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength While Modulating Small Extracellular Vesicle miRNA Profiles.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The interplay between the extracellular matrix and extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Exosomal microRNAs in colorectal cancer communication networks: implications for metastasis, therapy resistance, and precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Placental Extracellular Vesicles Exhibit Reduced Neurogenic Potential Linked to Changes in Their miRNA Landscape Upon HCMV Infection.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- EV-associated HOTAIR in cancer cell communication: a distance-aware review of functional transfer claims.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Uncovering the dynamics of extracellular vesicle microRNA trafficking in multiple sclerosis: delivery, diversion and retention.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammalian cells release different types of vesicles, collectively termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) with an apparent potential to deliver their miRNA cargo to recipient cells to affect the stability of individual mRNAs and the cells' transcriptome. The extent to which miRNAs are exported via the EV route and whether they contribute to cell-cell communication are controversial. To address these issues, we defined multiple properties of EVs and analyzed their capacity to deliver packaged miRNAs into target cells to exert biological functions. We applied well-defined approaches to produce and characterize purified EVs with or without specific viral miRNAs. We found that only a small fraction of EVs carried miRNAs. EVs readily bound to different target cell types, but EVs did not fuse detectably with cellular membranes to deliver their cargo. We engineered EVs to be fusogenic and document their capacity to deliver functional messenger RNAs. Engineered fusogenic EVs, however, did not detectably alter the functionality of cells exposed to miRNA-carrying EVs. These results suggest that EV-borne miRNAs do not act as effectors of cell-to-cell communication.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.