Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34870885›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2022

Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Black and non-Hispanic White cohorts: A contextualized review of the evidence.

Carey E Gleason, Megan Zuelsdorff, Diane C Gooding, Amy J H Kind, Adrienne L Johnson, Taryn T James, Nickolas H Lambrou, Mary F Wyman, Fred B Ketchum, Alexander Gee and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Guideline
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Arachnoid granulation morphologies and β-amyloid and tau pathology in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  9. Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. The relationships between ethnoracial identity, Aβ positivity, APOEε4, and medial temporal lobe tau PET.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  14. APOE and plasma AD biomarkers: The role of genetic ancestry in Hispanics/Latinos.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
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  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Carey E GleasonDivision of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6210-4671
Megan ZuelsdorffWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Diane C GoodingDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Amy J H KindDivision of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Adrienne L JohnsonCenter for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Taryn T JamesDivision of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Nickolas H LambrouGeriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Mary F WymanGeriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Fred B KetchumDepartment of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Alexander GeeNehemiah Center for Urban Leadership Development, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Sterling C JohnsonDivision of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Barbara B BendlinDivision of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Henrik ZetterbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · USGeriatric Research Education and Clinical Center · USSahlgrenska University Hospital · SEUniversity of Wisconsin System · USWisconsin Disability Association · US

Funding

The Neighborhoods Study: Contextual Disadvantage and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD)R01AG070883 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI AMY J. KIND · 2021 to 2026
$42.1M
Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention: Sex Differences in DNA MethylationR01AG027161 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Nathaniel Ark Chin, Sterling C Johnson · 2007 to 2026
$35.6M
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAREY E GLEASON · 2019 to 2026
$34.5M
Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's PreventionRF1AG027161 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JOHNSON, STERLING C · 2018 to 2018
$18.8M
African Americans Fighting Alzheimer’s in Midlife (AA-FAIM)R01AG054059 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAREY E GLEASON · 2016 to 2026
$15.3M
White matter degeneration: biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG037639 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BENDLIN, BARBARA BRIGITTA · 2012 to 2023
$5.3M
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Contextual Disadvantage and Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG057784 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BENDLIN, BARBARA BRIGITTA, KIND, AMY J. · 2017 to 2017
$3.8M
ADRD Prevention Messaging to Increase Smoking Cessation Attempts in Older Adult SmokersK23AG067929 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JOHNSON, ADRIENNE L. · 2021 to 2025
$783k
Improving Mental Health for Veterans with Dementia: Provider Training in Caregiver EngagementIK2HX003080 · VA · WM S. MIDDLETON MEMORIAL VETERANS HOSP · PI Mary Frances Wyman · 2021 to 2026
–
HSRD VA IK2 HX003080NIA NIH HHS K23 AG067929NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027161NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037639NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054059NIA NIH HHS R01 AG070883NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG027161NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057784
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Black Americans are disproportionately affected by dementia. To expand our understanding of mechanisms of this disparity, we look to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. In this review, we summarize current data, comparing the few studies presenting these findings. Further, we contextualize the data using two influential frameworks: the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) Research Framework and NIA's Health Disparities Research Framework. The NIA-AA Research Framework provides a biological definition of AD that can be measured in vivo. However, current cut-points for determining pathological versus non-pathological status were developed using predominantly White cohorts-a serious limitation. The NIA's Health Disparities Research Framework is used to contextualize findings from studies identifying racial differences in biomarker levels, because studying biomakers in isolation cannot explain or reduce inequities. We offer recommendations to expand study beyond initial reports of racial differences. Specifically, life course experiences associated with racialization and commonly used study enrollment practices may better account for observations than exclusively biological explanations.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleHumansNational Institute on Aging (U.S.)tau ProteinsUnited StatesAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAfrican American or BlackAlzheimer's disease biomarkersAT(N) criteriacerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography amyloidcerebrospinal fluid tauracial disparities

Identifiers

PMID34870885
PMCPMC9543531
OpenAlexW4200292595

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.