ArticlePlant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)2021
Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging.
Article in Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pearl millet response to drought: A review.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Pooled it
- Physiological and morphological drivers of early-spring vigor in warm-climate crops under suboptimal temperatures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- 2D-to-3D Image Reconstruction in Agriculture: A Review of Methods, Challenges, and AI-Driven Opportunities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- AnFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Phenome-to-genome insights for evaluating root system architecture in field studies of maize.The plant genome · 2025Article
- Validating the contributions of stem and root traits to barley lodging in western Canada.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- EcoBOT: an AI/ML enabled automated phenotyping capability for model plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Local mapping of root orientation traits by X-ray micro-CT and 3d image analysis: A study case on carrot seedlings grown in simulated vs real weightlessness.Plant methods · 2024Article
- An advanced three-dimensional phenotypic measurement approach for extractingFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Application of Improved UNet and EnglightenGAN for Segmentation and Reconstruction of In Situ Roots.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Recent trends in root phenomics of plant systems with available methods- discrepancies and consonances.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2022Review
- 4DRoot: Root phenotyping software for temporal 3D scans by X-ray computed tomography.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Recent advances in methods forPeerJ · 2022Review
- Root Pulling Force Across Drought in Maize Reveals Genotype by Environment Interactions and Candidate Genes.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Root system architecture and environmental flux analysis in mature crops using 3D root mesocosms.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- TopoRoot: a method for computing hierarchy and fine-grained traits of maize roots from 3D imaging.Plant methods · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies, one of the most popular methods is the extraction and measurement of the upper portion of the root system, known as the root crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, 2D techniques are inherently limited by the information available from single points of view. Here, we used X-ray computed tomography to generate highly accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and created computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features from each sample. This approach improves estimates of the genetic contribution to root system architecture and is refined enough to detect various changes in global root system architecture over developmental time as well as more subtle changes in root distributions as a result of environmental differences. We demonstrate that root pulling force, a high-throughput method of root extraction that provides an estimate of root mass, is associated with multiple 3D traits from our pipeline. Our combined methodology can therefore be used to calibrate and interpret root pulling force measurements across a range of experimental contexts or scaled up as a stand-alone approach in large genetic studies of root system architecture.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.