Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34870105›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease reports2021

Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden of Alzheimer's Disease Among Community Dwelling Patients in Europe: Variation by Disease Severity and Progression.

Lutz Froelich, Albert Lladó, Rezaul K Khandker, Montse Pedrós, Christopher M Black, Emilio J Sánchez Díaz, Farid Chekani, Baishali Ambegaonkar

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Navigating Dementia and Delirium: Balancing Identity and Interests in Advance Directives.Nursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lutz FroelichCentral Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Albert LladóHospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rezaul K KhandkerMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Montse PedrósIQVIA, Real World Solutions, Barcelona, Spain.
Christopher M BlackMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Emilio J Sánchez DíazIQVIA, Real World Solutions, Barcelona, Spain.
Farid ChekaniMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Baishali AmbegaonkarMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant burden on patients and caregivers. How this burden increases as disease progresses has not been well researched.

objectiveTo assess the association of caregiver burden and quality of life with Alzheimer's disease severity and disease progression in community-dwelling patients in Germany, Spain, and the UK.

methodsThis was a prospective observational longitudinal study of mild-to-moderate AD patients (assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), and their caregivers. The humanistic burden was assessed using these instruments: [Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA), EuroQoL-5-Dimension Level (EQ-5D-5L)] and caregiver-reported [Dependence Scale (DS), EQ-5D-5L, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)]. Caregiver-reported healthcare resource use was assessed using the Resource Use in Dementia (RUD) and ad-hoc questions.

resultsOf 616 patients recruited, 338 and 99 were followed-up at 12 and 18 months, respectively. The caregiver-reported EQ-5D-5L scores of patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) showed a negative trend over time (baseline: 0.76; 18 months: 0.67) while patient-reported HRQoL remained at 0.85. DS scores tended to worsen. Disease progression was an independent predictor of HRQoL and increased dependence.Mean ZBI score increased over time reflecting an increase in caregiver burden; MMSE being an independent predictor for caregiver burden. Patient resource utilization and caregiver time for caregiving tended to increase over time.

conclusionWe found significant association between disease progression and caregiver and patient burden. Independently, both disease-specific outcomes and disease burden measures increased over time, but as disease progresses, we also found incremental burden associated with it.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasecaregiversdementiaevidence-based medicineglobal burden of diseasehealthcare resources utilizationhealth-related quality of life

Identifiers

PMID34870105
PMCPMC8609484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.