ArticleNature reviews. Physics2021
Physics and biomedical challenges of cancer therapy with accelerated heavy ions.
Article in Nature reviews. Physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and toxicity of bimodal radiotherapy in WHO grade 2 meningiomas following subtotal resection with carbon ion boost: Prospective phase 2 MARCIE trial.Neuro-oncology · 2024Trial
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- The future is not always uniform: rethinking radiotherapy through spatial fractionation.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Superior tumor cell killing by oxygen ion beam irradiation compared to carbon ions and photons in pancreatic Cancer cells - An in vitro investigation.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- An ion treatment planning framework for inclusion of nanodosimetric ionization detail through cluster dose.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Theoretical assessment of DECT noise on physical and biological dose accuracy in carbon-ion radiation therapy.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Radioactive ion beam range adaptation in mouse tumors using in-beam PET.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Shielding assessment for multi-ion radiotherapy based on ion-specific dose-defined workloads.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrating multi-omics and clinical management in breast cancer: a comprehensive review.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Cell survival comparison of proton, helium, and carbon ion interlaced minibeams in water phantom simulations.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Versus Photon Radiation Therapy for Acute Radiation-Induced Esophagitis in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Derived From Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modeling.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Comparative treatment planning of photon, proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for sphenoid wing meningiomas.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Three-Discipline Collaborative Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) debate: Medical physics should focus less on geometric precision and more on biological outcomes.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- A Review of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Senescence of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Breast cancer radiotherapy and the risk of lung injury: Advances and perspectives.Advances in radiotherapy & nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy of Single and Fractionated Neutron Irradiation of Normal and Tumor Cells In Vitro.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Next Generation Calcium Nanomaterials: Disrupting Tumor CaInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Towards ultra-fast treatments: large energy acceptance beam delivery systems and opportunities for proton beam therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- "Hadrontherapy for Life" Symposium, Caen, March 10/11, 2025-Strategy for the Future-Pediatric Tumors.International journal of particle therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Radiotherapy should have low toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be very effective in cell killing in the target region (tumour). In this regard, ions heavier than protons have both physical and radiobiological advantages over conventional X-rays. Carbon ions represent an excellent combination of physical and biological advantages. There are a dozen carbon-ion clinical centres in Europe and Asia, and more under construction or at the planning stage, including the first in the USA. Clinical results from Japan and Germany are promising, but a heated debate on the cost-effectiveness is ongoing in the clinical community, owing to the larger footprint and greater expense of heavy ion facilities compared with proton therapy centres. We review here the physical basis and the clinical data with carbon ions and the use of different ions, such as helium and oxygen. Research towards smaller and cheaper machines with more effective beam delivery is necessary to make particle therapy affordable. The potential of heavy ions has not been fully exploited in clinics and, rather than there being a single 'silver bullet', different particles and their combination can provide a breakthrough in radiotherapy treatments in specific cases.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.