ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2021
Using Linear Programming to Determine the Role of Plant- and Animal-Sourced Foods in Least-Cost, Nutritionally Adequate Diets for Adults.
Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Alternative Protein Design: Nutritional Constraints, Sensory Limits, and Computational Solutions.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- The Role of Beef for the Lowest Cost and Adequate Provision of Bioavailable Nutrients in Modeled Diets at a Population Level in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Cost and affordability of three levels of diet quality for urban households in Colombia.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Nutrient-adequate diets with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions or price are the least acceptable-insights from dietary optimisation modelling using the iOTA modelFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Estimates of optimal supplies of animal-sourced foods differ by food system goal and socioeconomic context.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Shifting Trend of Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia: Toward Health, Innovation, and Sustainability.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Review
- Diet affordability: a key dimension in the assessment of sustainable food systems and healthy diets.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe respective roles of plant- and animal-sourced foods in sustainable healthy diets for humans remain unclear. Nutritional quality and the monetary cost of diets are key criteria among others for sustainable food production.
objectiveLinear programming (LP) was used to determine the composition of nutritionally adequate dietary patterns formulated at the lowest cost. The hypothesis tested was that animal-sourced foods would be included in least-cost diets due to their high density of particular essential nutrients.
methodsThe LP modeling work was based on eating patterns, retail food prices (2020), and the daily energy (11,150 kJ, 2665 kcal) and essential nutrient requirements (29 nutrients in total) of a reference adult in New Zealand (NZ). The LP modeling approach is publicly and freely available to readily illustrate the change in dietary profiles and daily diet cost, in the simulation of changes in energy and nutrient requirements, and price fluctuations within food groups.
resultsA nutrient-adequate, least-cost dietary pattern formulated from 883 foods, with a daily cost of NZ $3.23, included both animal- and plant-based foods. The nutrients found to be equally first-limiting were biotin, calcium, molybdenum, potassium, selenium, vitamin A, pantothenic acid, and vitamin C. When a dietary scenario with no animal-sourced foods was modeled, by increasing the retail prices of animal-sourced foods by 1.05 to 10.3 times, the daily cost of this plant-only dietary pattern was NZ $4.34. Additional nutrients, such as zinc, vitamin B-12, and vitamin D, were met at their daily minimum required levels.
conclusionsDietary patterns formulated at the lowest cost and meeting the daily minimum requirements for energy and essential nutrients for an adult in New Zealand relied on foods sourced from animals and plants.
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