ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
The Half-Life-Extended IL21 can Be Combined With Multiple Checkpoint Inhibitors for Tumor Immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Review
- Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Treatment Through VEGF/VEGFR Inhibitors and Immunotherapy.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Advancements and challenges in immunocytokines: A new arsenal against cancer.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Stimulating the Antitumor Immune Response Using Immunocytokines: A Preclinical and Clinical Overview.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- From bench to bedside: the past, present and future of IL-21 immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Enhanced abscopal anti-tumor response via a triple combination of thermal ablation, IL-21, and PD-1 inhibition therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cordycepin remodels the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer by down-regulating the expression of PD-L1.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- EBV dUTPase: A Novel Modulator of Inflammation and the Tumor Microenvironment in EBV-Associated Malignancies.Cancers · 2023Review
- The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma-Recent Findings and Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the era of immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapy, cytokines have become an attractive immune therapeutics to increase response rates. Interleukin 21 (IL21) as a single agent has been evaluated for cancer treatment with good clinical efficacy. However, the clinical application of IL21 is limited by a short half-life and concern about potential immune suppressive effect on dendritic cells. Here, we examined the antitumor function of a half-life extended IL21 alone and in combination with PD-1 blockade using preclinical mouse tumor models. We also determined the immune mechanisms of combination therapy. We found that combination therapy additively inhibited the growth of mouse tumors by increasing the effector function of type 1 lymphocytes. Combination therapy also increased the fraction of type 1 dendritic cells (DC1s) and M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, combination therapy also induced immune regulatory mechanisms, including the checkpoint molecules Tim-3, Lag-3, and CD39, as well as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). This study reveals the mechanisms of IL21/PD-1 cooperation and shed light on rational design of novel combination cancer immunotherapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.