ArticleOman medical journal2021
Epidemiology of Drowning Incidents among Children at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Oman.
Article in Oman medical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospitalized pediatric drowning in Zhejiang, China (2010-2021): an epidemiological analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Drowning in Saudi Arabia Using First Responder Data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- How University Students Assess Their Water Skills.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Morbidity and mortality of pediatric drowning in Qatar: an epidemiological analysis of submersion encounters at a level I pediatric trauma center.Annals of Saudi medicineObservational
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe sought to study the epidemiology of drowning among children reported at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of the patients who presented to the emergency department with a history of drowning over 10 years from January 2008 to December 2017. Patients with children aged one to 18 years old were included in the study. The data including demographics, timing and location of drowning, season, adult supervision, swimming ability, medical risk factors, duration of submersion, on spot resuscitation, emergency medicine department assessment, and hospital management and outcome were collected from electronic hospital information system using a preformed proforma. The outcome was categorized into either full recovery, severe neurological injury, or brain death based on the pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC). A good outcome represents a score of 1-3 points, and a PCPC of 4-6 points corresponds to a poor outcome. We calculated correlation for all variables with the outcome by using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. A
resultsA total of 74 patients were included in the study; 54 (73.0%) were male, and 47 (63.5%) were aged < 6 years old. More than half (59.4%) of drownings happened in swimming pool, 21 (28.4%) children were unsupervised during the incident, and 39 (52.7%) required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Out of all studied subjects, three (4.1%) were brain dead, and two (2.7%) developed severe neurological injury. On univariate analysis, the following variables were statistically significant (
conclusionsOur study suggests that children, especially males under the age of six with no swimming ability, need strict supervision next to bodies of water. Furthermore, preventive measures might include raising community awareness about the risk factors of drowning, commencing public CPR lessons, and strict pool safety regulation by related authorities.
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