ArticleF1000Research2021
Pulsed administration for physiological estrogen replacement in mice.
Article in F1000Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Modulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Female Wistar Rats: Interaction with Estradiol.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- A novel behavioral paradigm for odor-induced voluntary urination in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estrogen deprivation induces hepatic inflammation, Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, tryptophan catabolism, and plasma cholesterol.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Long-term effect of ovary removal on the joints of aged mice.Laboratory animal research · 2026Article
- Hormonal regulation of cochlear gene expression: effects of the estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and estradiol treatment.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic profile andDrug delivery · 2025Article
- A researcher's guide to studying sex differences in immune aging.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The effects of pharmacologic estradiol on anxiety-related behavior in adolescent and adult female mice.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosomes and Sex Hormones: Dissecting the Forces That Differentiate Female and Male Hearts.Circulation · 2025Review
- Guidelines for sex-specific considerations to improve rigor in renal research and how we got there.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Review
- Physiological levels of estradiol limit murine osteoarthritis progression.The Journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Pulsed administration for physiological estrogen replacement in mice.F1000Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estrogens are important regulators of body physiology and have major effects on metabolism, bone, the immune- and central nervous systems. The specific mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogens on various cells, tissues and organs are unclear and mouse models constitute a powerful experimental tool to define the physiological and pathological properties of estrogens. Menopause can be mimicked in animal models by surgical removal of the ovaries and replacement therapy with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized (OVX) mice is a common technique used to determine specific effects of the hormone. However, these studies are complicated by the non-monotonic dose-response of estradiol, when given as therapy. Increased knowledge of how to distribute estradiol in terms of solvent, dose, and administration frequency, is required in order to accurately mimic physiological conditions in studies where estradiol treatment is performed. In this study, mice were OVX and treated with physiological doses of 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (E2) dissolved in miglyol or PBS. Subcutaneous injections were performed every 4 days to resemble the estrus cycle in mice. Results show that OVX induces an osteoporotic phenotype, fat accumulation and impairment of the locomotor ability, as expected. Pulsed administration of physiological doses of E2 dissolved in miglyol rescues the phenotypes induced by OVX. However, when E2 is dissolved in PBS the effects are less pronounced, possibly due to rapid wash out of the steroid.
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Registered trials
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